tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61172904404417390232023-11-15T07:53:44.868-08:00Interactive essay writingEssay Writing Topic Mothermurielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-19658222751562500842020-09-03T03:31:00.001-07:002020-09-03T03:31:10.129-07:00Importance of intellectual property rightsSignificance of protected innovation rights Significance OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS- Protected innovation rights are acknowledged everywhere throughout the world because of some significant reasons. They were basically perceived for the usual meanings of these rights are:- Gives motivator to the person to new manifestations. Giving due acknowledgment to the makers and innovators. Guaranteeing the material award for protected innovation. Guaranteeing the accessibility of the first items. For financial development and headway in innovation part assurance of Intellectual property insurance is significant. They are profited for the development of the business in the field of innovation. Licensed innovation LAW INTRODUCTION Licensed innovation LAW Comprises of the accompanying Laws:- The Laws identifying with Trade Marks/Brands (Trade Marks Act, 1999), Property Marks The Laws identifying with (Copyright Act, 1957) Artistic Work, Literary Work, Audio Video Records and Software The Laws identifying with Industrial (Designs Act, 2000) The Laws identifying with Patents (The Patent Act, 1970) The Laws identifying with Geographical Indications. The land Indications of (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 The Laws identifying with Internet (Information Technology Act, 2000) Licensed innovation RIGHT INFRINGEMENT-A protected innovation encroachment is the encroachment or infringement of a protected innovation right. Copyright encroachment Copyright-It is a sort of security which is given to the creators of unique works including abstract, sensational, and melodic and certain other scholarly works, which might be distributed and unpublished. Copyright encroachment (or copyright infringement) is the utilization of material unapproved that is secured by copyright law, that disregards one of the copyright proprietors restrictive rights, for example, the option to play out the copyrighted work. It is otherwise called copyright infringement. Patent encroachment Patent-It is given by United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent is the privilege to the innovator for a development. Patent encroachment preclusion act regarding a protected innovation without consent from the patent holder. By methods for the permit authorization might be allowed. It is otherwise called patent infringement. Trademark A trademark gives separate personality to the merchandise and enterprises to cause them to recognize from the others. It ensures words, names, images, sounds. Trademarks can be reestablished for perpetually or as long as they will be utilized. There is no requirement for enlistment of a trademark in the U.S. Trademark encroachment is an infringement of the selective rights connecting to a trademark without the approval of the trademark proprietor or any licensees. Encroachment may happen when one gathering, the infringer, utilizes a trademark which is indistinguishable from a trademark claimed by another gathering, corresponding to items or administrations which are indistinguishable or like the items or administrations which the enlistment covers. A proprietor of a trademark may begin legitimate procedures against a gathering which encroaches its enrollment. It is otherwise called trademark infringement. Targets To know the reasons encroachment of the protected innovation rights. To realize for what reason to think about IPR? What the insurance measures and temporary measures? Case identified with Intellectual Property Right Infringement. Audit of writing Monetary Effect of Intellectual Property Right Infringement There is an extraordinary impact of Intellectual Property Right Infringement .U.S organizations endure misfortunes as of late on the grounds that their Intellectual Property Rights (trademarks, copyrights and licenses) are not appropriately ensured abroad. Universal Trade Commission information is gathered from 244 US firms and the information is utilized to examine monetary impact of remote encroachment of US licensed innovation rights in five areas of industry. The benefit and misfortunes of US providers is much when contrasted with absolute benefits, this infers the misfortunes are more noteworthy than the benefits earned by providers who are encroaching on rights, yet that the misfortunes might be least than the advantages to infringers and purchasers. From Research it is called attention to that examination results recommend that Lessing benefits lost to infringers by one percent would require huge increments in ID and implementation costs. Examination METHODOLGY- Kinds OF DATA USED-Secondary information Wellsprings OF SECONDARY DATA-Data is gathered from the diaries, Newspapers, Internet Reasons for INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT An excess of cost of Research and improvement. Globalization Prosecution delays in executing ip rights and grant of harms Programming robbery WHY CARE ABOUT IPR- Licenses are advantage to the proprietor of the IP and it add significance to mechanical just as business concerns , revelations and give motivations to private area venture into their turn of events. They all ought to have separate Research and improvement focus. Globalization and progression of innovation has assumed a significant job in licensed innovation insurance for little and medium measured endeavors. The impalpable idea of licensed innovation makes difficulties for those organizations, to secure their creations, brands, and business in outside business sectors. Licensed innovation assurance is important to the achievement of biotechnology organizations. For these organizations, the patent framework serves to support them for the advancement of new drugs and diagnostics for treatment and observing ailments, and agrarian items. Instructions to OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT INFRINGEMENT OF TRADE MARK/COPYRIGHT The most ideal approach to get data about the robbery of exchange mark/copyright is organizations advertising methodologies. The best option is commitment of analyst offices on legally binding premise, which have their own other system. By reviews in significant metropolitan urban areas of India, the data can be acquired about the encroachment/theft of products and these studies will prompt and result in the ID of assembling, go downs, conveyance arrange. Legal SYSTEM IN INDIA The Indian legal framework is free from official/government and it is formation of Constitution of India. It is compulsory to comply with the sets of the Courts in India by Focal State Governments and any resistance of the request for the courts are taken as intense and that may bring about the fine and/or detainment. In India High Court and Supreme Court decisions has the power of the law. Indeed, even on the planet the Indian Judicial System is extraordinary compared to other lawful frameworks which have systematized laws and set up strategies. Cures AVAILABLE UNDER INDIAN LAWS Common REMEDIES Order/remain against the utilization of exchange Harms can be asserted Records and giving over of benefits For authority there is arrangement of neighborhood official/encroaching material fixing. Under request 39 standard 1 2 of the CPC the application is recorded. CRIMINAL REMEDIES Before the boss legal officer the grievance is recorded. Proof of the encroachment of the IPR. Under sec. 93/94 the application is recorded. Search of encroaching material is finished by Police according to requests and headings given by the court. Housing of fir and search under area. 156 of the criminal strategy code, 1973. Locale FOR FILING CIVIL/CRIMINAL LITIGATION Common Cases-The locale for documenting in a common suit will incorporate given realities and satisfaction of given conditions:- From where the reason for activity has occrued? Where the infringement of IPRs are occurring? Where the litigants work for gain? Exchange Marks Act, 1999, it gives an exemption, to enrolled exchange mark and the enlisted Trade Mark proprietor can record a case with in court, from where the holder is conveying its business. The locale for documenting a case relies upon the exercises of the respondents. There is no compelling reason to record a suit in various courts independently. Assurance AGAINST INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT The encroachment of protected innovation rights (IPRs) are by managerial methods and lawful procedures. In common liabilities, the infringer may requested to stop the abused exercises, kill the harm done, make open expressions of remorse and make up for all the harms. In regulatory measures, they remember alerts for request to stop the disregarding exercises, fines, and pay for harms made. The invested individuals go for intercession, when there is IPR encroachment debate emerges. On the off chance that intervention fizzled, or invested individuals wouldn't submit to the result of intercession, legitimate procedures might be founded with people groups court. The invested individuals may likewise demand the important authoritative experts for activities. Legitimate PROCEEDINGS At the point when an IPR encroachment contest emerges, the encroached party may found lawful procedures legitimately with the people groups court at where encroaching action happens In the event that an invested individual finds that because of crisis or by any postponement in stop the encroaching exercises may make harms his/her privileges, he may, before organizing legitimate procedures, demand the people groups court to freeze the advantages of the infringer. The people groups court will make sure that the infringer, if the infringer is indicted, he will be made to hold up under common liabilities for the encroaching demonstration. The infringer will be arraigned for his criminal liabilities where the case is so genuine to establish a wrongdoing. Authoritative PROCEDURES (an) Information and Proof to be Submitted At the point when encroachment of IPR contest rises, the intrigued may demand the authoritative specialists or more at the spot of the infringers habitation In request to make the solicitation to the organization specialists, the invested individual ought to need to present a composed confirmation of his privilege and proof of the encroaching demonstration. (b) Processing by Administrative Aut murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-90549692183280323632020-08-22T18:01:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:01:19.039-07:00Understanding Your Strengths And Weaknesses Essay Example for FreeUnderstanding Your Strengths And Weaknesses Essay In an investigation discharged, 87% of laborers overall are genuinely detached from their work environments and are less inclined to be gainful; making work a wellspring of disappointment instead of one of satisfaction. (Gallup, 1993) The insights show an absence of promise to learning and comprehension of oneââ¬â¢s own qualities and shortcomings, among the populace. Individuals need to consider the individual they are and where their qualities and shortcomings lie provided that they donââ¬â¢t stop to consider what theyââ¬â¢re great at and what they have to improve, they will wind up in the 87% of the populace who donââ¬â¢t appreciate what they do. Following this revelation, I finished a character test on 16Personalities.com that expressed my qualities and shortcomings following addressing a progression of inquiries, in wants to have a superior comprehension to how my qualities and shortcomings assume into the job as a paramedic. The character test uncovered that I am philanthropic, an acceptable cooperative person, have great interchanges, yet additionally am excessively magnanimous and touchy; these outcomes will give me a superior appreciation with respect to how and why a profession as a paramedic is an ideal choice for me. My qualities of having the option to function admirably in a group setting, having great relational abilities and being unselfish will help me as a paramedic, while these are fundamental attributes to turning into an incredible paramedic. The test uncovered that I am open minded and dependable, where it clarifies I exceed expectations in group conditions where I am ready to tune in to other people, in any event, when their suppositions negate mines; and I am disturbed by allowing individuals to down, so I can be relied on to perceive any assignment through. It is significant for paramedics to be acceptable cooperative individuals and be dependable on the grounds that paramedics are regularly positioned circumstances where they need to work with others (like the police and firemen) where we need to confide in one another and function admirably together in a circumstance whereby we are compelled to depend, as it were, conceivably for our own prosperity, and every other person on scene. The test additionally told that I ââ¬Å"instinctively realize the best way to catch a crowd of people, and get on mind-set and inspiration in manners that permit them to speak with reason, feeling, energy, restriction whatever the circumstance calls forâ⬠, further explaining saying that I can move my tone and way to mirror the requirements of the crowd, while as yet keeping up my own voice. These extraordinary relational abilities are a significant part to the vocation as it will permit a greater accurateâ assessment of the circumstance through revealing what occurred, what number of individuals were included or whether there is any residual peril. Having the option to converse with individuals and keep the two patients and family or others on the scene quiet can make the circumstance simpler to control, and keeping up discussion with a patient can assist with recovering significant data that might be required for their treatment. It was revealed that I want to do useful for other people and for my locale, and that I truly accept that in the event that I can simply unite individuals, I can do a lot of good. Due to the idea of the profession, where paramedics are reacting to individuals who need assistance, it is fundamental people seeking after a vocation as paramedic want to have any kind of effect in the lives of others and in their locale. The character test uncovered that I am excessively benevolent and touchy, clarifying that I will cover myself in my cheerful guarantees and feeling othersââ¬â¢ issues as my own. On the off chance that Iââ¬â¢m not cautious, I could extended myself excessively far, and be left unfit to support anybody. In view of my affectability to others it implies that occasionally I feel issues that arenââ¬â¢t my own and attempt to fix things I canââ¬â¢t fix and investing a lot of energy agonizing over whether on the off chance that I am doing what's needed. My shortcomings may make things troublesome as a paramedic in light of the fact that the truth of it is I might be with the patient until they are in the medical clinic. It is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to have the option to take care of each issue, and in the event that I worry about that concern on my shoulders at work, it will be exceptionally hard for me to have great mental dependability making me progressively defenseless to PTSD. One way I can improve my shortcoming is discussion about my emotions as I am feeling with collaborators or the specialist. On the off chance that I am persistent about keeping a practical impression of the circumstance I am in, and comprehend there is so much one individual can do, I am sure I can move through each call no sweat. All in all, it is obvious that my qualities as a characteristic cooperative person, extraordinary communicator, and selfless ordinarily would help make me an incredible paramedic. Paramedics work in distressing and forced workplaces, where lives are influenced by the result of their activities. This can be made considerably progressively troublesome by the long working hours. The job has a huge amountâ of obligation, and these are significant characteristics for the individuals who wish to do well in crisis care. An extraordinary paramedic would not have the option to perform troublesome and upsetting work to the limit that they have to without having the option to cooperate with other people on scene, have the option to test and concentrate data deliberately, and want to be there to have any kind of effect in a period of emergency. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-64230448543443527512020-08-21T15:43:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:43:26.392-07:00Antecedents and Consequences of Decline in Trade Union Density'Worker's guild Membership in Australia has Declined Significantly Since the 1980s.â As a result,à Unions are turning into an Irrelevant Actor in Australian Employment Relations'. Drawing on Academic Research and Commentary,â Provide a Response to this announcement. à In confining your contention, Consider the Antecedents and Consequences of the Decline in Trade Union Membership and Trade Union Density. In surveying the elements that prompted the development and fall of mechanical work in Australia, the current paper battles that help for associations at first surfaced from a regular workers which was a result of the nationââ¬â¢s phenomenal financial past. In the 20 th century the consolidation of frameworks of obligatory assertion, figured to intercede modern questions, fortified the help for trade guilds. In the year 1948, the help for unionism was at its zenith. A long procedure of its fall began as the working unit voting public that had provided its social stay divided because of auxiliary changes in the economy. The breakdown of assertion post-1986 exasperated this declining design, as did an ascent in outlandish work and hostile to association strategies of the businesses (Docherty, 2010). The current exposition surveys the writing on the fall in association thickness in Australia. Apropos investigations are basically examined and looked at, and the audit exposes the intri cacy of the issue, the need to keep away from oversimplified reactions, and makes proposals with respect to the territories of study that most probable enlarge the cognizance of the sharp decrease in unionization. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics figures of 2000, the fall in organization enrollment in the country, in spite of the endeavors made by the Australian Council of Trade Unions to forestall further decrease. While it is clear that there is a decrease in association thickness, it is basic to assess the purposes for it and what are the associations accomplishing for fighting such descending pattern. In endeavoring to deal with the issue, it is huge to comprehend the significant targets of the association that draws individuals and the forerunners of the decay (Abbott, MacKinnon and Fallon, 2016). Australian associations were set up in the underlying portion of the 19 th , with development beginning in the post dash for unheard of wealth age. It is from that point that the most quick development of the period seems to have been in the time of the 1880s, wherein rich financial conditions and a contracted work showcase were drivers making for the advancement of associations. The fundamental objective of an association is to upgrade the prosperity and advance the interests of its individuals. They were made to counterbalance the higher monetary intensity of the businesses (Cooper et al., 2009). It has for some time been recognized that the predominance over the market by the businesses could be countered by workers acting mutually and initiating associations to haggle on their part. The most significant capacity performed by the association was to augment the pay rates and wages of its individuals. There are a few reasons why workers may join an association. Notwithstanding, three components are clear. They are; sense the benefits of unionism outperform the feasible costs; dismay with monetary parts of their activity; and a goal to affect those aspects of the workplace by means of association implies. Regardless of the obvious advantages of the association, the enrollment of Australian association has declined. As underscored by Kaufman, (2008) unionism reaped a center spot in the Australian people group among 1921 and mid-1950s. Indeed, even in the significance of the Great Depression, the enrollment never dove beneath 42.5%. In addition, with the recuperation of the economy during World War II, it earned remarkable help. Times have altogether changed. Two decades back half of all workers were a piece of the association. At present, the pace of unionization is just 23%. Indeed, even the open segment, which was before a pillar of association power, has seen a sharp decrease in the thickness. In the age of feminization, computerization and casualization, de-unionization is maybe the most impressive change to need to strike the work showcase throughout the years. An indication of fall in association quality is the uncommonness of strikes (Holland et al., 2011). The quantity of days lost to modern clashes is only one-fourth of its level during the mid 1980s. To understand the change, Bashur and Oc, (2015) set that it is useful to dispose of two regular clarifications for association decay quickly. The first is that the thickness diminished because of the expanding doubt of laborers toward it. As a result, disposition will in general reflect association power. At the point when the enrollment expanded duri ng the 1970s, Australians were bound to state, surveyors, that they accepted associations had extraordinary quality and more averse to assent that associations had been an incredible thing for the nation. Correspondingly, as they began winding down during the 1990s, the part of people who accepted that associations conveyed an excessive amount of intensity diminished consistently (Docherty, 2010). The second contention which is made is that de-unionization was a result of the fall in genuine wages which occurred under the Accord. However as Leigh, (2011) calls attention to in his examination The Decline of an Institution, this announcement implies that unionization more likely than not fallen more during the 1980s (when there was a decrease in genuine pay) than the 1990s (when there was an ascent in genuine wages). In any case, the inverse is genuine â⬠the most extraordinary decrease in unionization occurred during the 1990s. On the off chance that not the Accord and mentalities, at that point what prompted association thickness seeing the descending pattern? The fall limits to four central point: changes to the laws directing associations, higher item showcase competition, developing imbalance, and auxiliary changes in the work advertise. The most significant factor in de-unionization in Australia has been changes in the legitimate framework controlling the associations. à Hodder and Kretsos (2015) express that somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1995, conventionalist governments in five out of six states brought into impact an enactment planned to deny compulsory unionization, advancing individual bartering, and acquainting changes with non-grant inclusion simpler. Incomprehensibly, this was like the procedure that occurred during the 1920s, when a progression of state Labor governments upheld law for wage discretion and compulsory unionism, bringing about an upsurge in organization enrollment. During the later 50% of the 1980s, over half of the endorsers should have been a patron as their business condition. During the 1990s, no longer bound to be a part, a gigantic extent selected to surrender their participation (Leigh, 2011). Expectedly, the associations that drag the greatest brunt were those that were most note worthy subject to obligatory association laws. The new law was authorized from 1996 when the then government for all intents and purposes wiped out obligatory unionism and made it trying for the associations to recruit and strike. The second most huge driver of de-unionization has been expanding rivalry. Driven by microeconomic changes, restored Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and tax cuts, the market for buying most merchandise and enterprises are presently significantly more serious than during the 1970s. At the point when organizations have an oligopoly or syndication circumstance, it is advantageous for them to pay more significant compensations to their laborers. Costs are more noteworthy in non-serious markets, and in economicsââ¬â¢ language, this produces ââ¬Å"rentsâ⬠. The businesses at that point offer such ââ¬Å"rentsâ⬠with workers (Grenfell, 2017). At the point when restraining infrastructures are part, and the commercial centers become serious, businesses need to reduce expenses. This squeezes the organizations to follow amazing enemy of association systems to limit the compensation bill. The third contention for declining association assorted variety is the expansion in income disparity. To appreciate how this functions, it is pivotal to recognize that associations point more prominent wages as well as for more significant compensation pressure (Heidecker, 2013). This occurs through normalized wage timetables, and cases that request an equivalent increment for each specialist. Less compensation appropriation inside an association likewise renders it simple for associations to shape, as representatives are probably going to have shared reason with the individuals who get comparable pay rates. Market analysts have as a rule concentrated on the way in which de-unionization impacts imbalance (Bray, Waring and Cooper, 2011). In Australia, Jeff Borland found that 30% of the ascent in income dissimilarity among lasting guys somewhere in the range of 1986 and 1994 can be clarified by falling unionization. Be that as it may, the inverse can likewise be valid. On the off chanc e that dissimilarity expanded (attributable to globalization, innovative change, or different variables), associations are probably going to think that its hard to make a compelling alliance between generously compensated and low-paid representatives. The likelihood of two workers both gaining $20 every hour joining the association is higher than if one make $10 and the other $30 (Koukoulas, 2015). The last factor is basic work showcase changes. All through the created economies, associations have a simpler time recruiting in the open division, the assembling part, among lasting representatives and in huge organizations. The rise of the administration area, casualization of the work power, downscaling of government and the surfacing of SMEs are generally changes that impediment associations (Forsyth et al., 2017). To look at the effect of the previously mentioned factors, Peetz, (2012) utilized a technique called ââ¬Å"shift-share analysisâ⬠, and reasoned that they were liable for about half of the fall during 1982-92, in any case, don't explain a significant part of the decrease from that point forward. As the drop-in unionization has been speedier during the 1990s when contrasted with the 1980s, this downgrades basic changes to a minor job in depicting the general drop in unionization over the most recent 37 years. Proof suggest that casting a ballot by patrons is being finished with their feet and that different frameworks are developing to supplant them. The extent of organizations with common consultative murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-52965199675424536872020-06-08T04:32:00.001-07:002020-06-08T04:32:03.046-07:00Ethics Paper - 550 WordsEthics Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Title:Name of Student:Institution: Introduction If there has been any controversial topic with regards to the justice system is the idea of the death sentence. To some, this sends cold chills down their spine as they ponder the ethical rationality of the death penalty. There are those who support it with the justification that some crimes are only but well punished by killing the criminals. Death penalty as a criminal offence wmay be used interchangeably with the term death sentence. It is a punishment that has been in practice from the Roman Empire times and was even passed against criminals in the early stages of development of the Chinese people. However, despite many rejections and condemnation of this form of punishment from the Christian community and other bodies, some countries have kept on practicing this kind of punishment on capital offenders. In fact, offenders were punished more harshly in the early times as compared to these days.In view of all these, t his paper discusses the ethical concerns of this form of punishment. One of the notable persons in history to be a victim of death sentence was Socrates. He was made to drink poison for commission of inter alia, corruption offences. In recent years, the best example of a man sentenced to death and indeed killed by hanging was the one Saddam Hussein the former president of Iraq. As such, this kind of punishment has been faced by criticism from many who question the integrity of the whole idea. There have been so many ethical concerns about executions. Starting from Bentham, who said that it was not a good idea from the onset, many havealso kept onquestioning the legality and morality of executing offenders as a form of punishment. When explaining his Principle of Goodness, Ron House suggests that the universe is never perfect and that there would always be an excuse for every rule (House, R., 2007). He goes ahead to point out that problems such asdeath penalty cannot be solved by one solution. Morally, itis wrong to kill someone in the name of punishing a crime especially when the truth is that no one canprecisely prove that the alleged offender is 100% guilty. This can be related to instances that led to the crucifixion on the Biblical Jesus Christ. Inasmuch as there could be a justified execution, there are many gaps in the justice system that could lead to unjust executions (Llyod, S., 1998). Regardless of the fact that there are those in support and those that disprove the idea of death sentence, there are many questions that are yet to be answered concerning execution of offenders. Among the questions is, if the penalty is equivalent to committed offences, or if death sentence actually prevents crimes carrying the death punishment. Further, it is difficult to ascertain the effectiveness of the penalty in deterring murders. (Kyte, R., 2010) explains why he thinks the death penalty needs to be reviewed. He proposes four ways that may be employed to determine whether an action should be taken to be morally right and acceptable. One of the rationales he puts across is that of looking at the fairness of the action. If the action, he explains, treats different people equally and with some respect then that may be to some extent considered morally acceptable. In the current judicial systems, there are various factors that would discredit the death sentence for instance,criminal proceedings that lack integrity. This is because there are other factors that contribute to the convictions, factors that are not in any way related to the offence. Factors such as race have been highly raised as a concern on the many convictions for crimes committed against a particular race (Kyte, R., 2010). Poor legal representation is also another factor to consider when passing such sentences. This leaves many unanswered questions concerning the whole process as it implies that the poor could be easily fabricated and sentenced to death for offences they are not really liable. Kyte, in a parting shot, says that he should be considered adissenter of any move to justify death sentence as long as there is no truthful method to carry out the death sentence in a manner that is effective, fair and just. Indeed much is questionable under this controversial topic. Not only does the death sentence violate the peoples right to life but it also shows disrespect for human dignity. To ... Ethics Paper - 550 Words Ethics Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Title:Name of Student:Institution: Introduction If there has been any controversial topic with regards to the justice system is the idea of the death sentence. To some, this sends cold chills down their spine as they ponder the ethical rationality of the death penalty. There are those who support it with the justification that some crimes are only but well punished by killing the criminals. Death penalty as a criminal offence wmay be used interchangeably with the term death sentence. It is a punishment that has been in practice from the Roman Empire times and was even passed against criminals in the early stages of development of the Chinese people. However, despite many rejections and condemnation of this form of punishment from the Christian community and other bodies, some countries have kept on practicing this kind of punishment on capital offenders. In fact, offenders were punished more harshly in the early times as compared to these days.In view of all these, t his paper discusses the ethical concerns of this form of punishment. One of the notable persons in history to be a victim of death sentence was Socrates. He was made to drink poison for commission of inter alia, corruption offences. In recent years, the best example of a man sentenced to death and indeed killed by hanging was the one Saddam Hussein the former president of Iraq. As such, this kind of punishment has been faced by criticism from many who question the integrity of the whole idea. There have been so many ethical concerns about executions. Starting from Bentham, who said that it was not a good idea from the onset, many havealso kept onquestioning the legality and morality of executing offenders as a form of punishment. When explaining his Principle of Goodness, Ron House suggests that the universe is never perfect and that there would always be an excuse for every rule (House, R., 2007). He goes ahead to point out that problems such asdeath penalty cannot be solved by one solution. Morally, itis wrong to kill someone in the name of punishing a crime especially when the truth is that no one canprecisely prove that the alleged offender is 100% guilty. This can be related to instances that led to the crucifixion on the Biblical Jesus Christ. Inasmuch as there could be a justified execution, there are many gaps in the justice system that could lead to unjust executions (Llyod, S., 1998). Regardless of the fact that there are those in support and those that disprove the idea of death sentence, there are many questions that are yet to be answered concerning execution of offenders. Among the questions is, if the penalty is equivalent to committed offences, or if death sentence actually prevents crimes carrying the death punishment. Further, it is difficult to ascertain the effectiveness of the penalty in deterring murders. (Kyte, R., 2010) explains why he thinks the death penalty needs to be reviewed. He proposes four ways that may be employed to determine whether an action should be taken to be morally right and acceptable. One of the rationales he puts across is that of looking at the fairness of the action. If the action, he explains, treats different people equally and with some respect then that may be to some extent considered morally acceptable. In the current judicial systems, there are various factors that would discredit the death sentence for instance,criminal proceedings that lack integrity. This is because there are other factors that contribute to the convictions, factors that are not in any way related to the offence. Factors such as race have been highly raised as a concern on the many convictions for crimes committed against a particular race (Kyte, R., 2010). Poor legal representation is also another factor to consider when passing such sentences. This leaves many unanswered questions concerning the whole process as it implies that the poor could be easily fabricated and sentenced to death for offences they are not really liable. Kyte, in a parting shot, says that he should be considered adissenter of any move to justify death sentence as long as there is no truthful method to carry out the death sentence in a manner that is effective, fair and just. Indeed much is questionable under this controversial topic. Not only does the death sentence violate the peoples right to life but it also shows disrespect for human dignity. To ... murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-55981867347490848242020-05-17T09:18:00.001-07:002020-05-17T09:18:05.086-07:00Corporate Finance - 4881 Words Table of Content Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Overview of Harvey Norman Holding Limited 4 1.2 Major Competitor 5 1.2.1 JB Hi-Fi 5 1.2.2 Woolworth 5 2. Capital Structures 6 2.1 Types of Funding 6 2.2 Recent Trends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 Corporate Tax Rate 11 2.5.3 Credit rating 11 2.5.4 Interest rate 11 2.5.5 Companyââ¬â¢s Industry 12 2.5.6 Companyââ¬â¢s growth rate 12 2.5.7 Some other arguments about Harvey Norman 12 2.6 Evidence of financialâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦HVN appropriate share price is $4.23 which is $0.12 higher than the actual closing price of $4.11. It is recommended for the investor to purchase more of the companyââ¬â¢s share as it was undervalued. The sensitivity analysis shows the theoretical share price is very sensitive to change in WACC. Careful and continuous observation might be needed to constantly monitor the factors that can alter the WACC such as market return, the companyââ¬â¢s beta, risk free rate , and tax rate. D/E ratio can also alter the WACC due to tax benefit on debt. This implies we should keep checking changes of the companyââ¬â¢s capital structure, namely its financing decisions and activities because they are important factors to create value of the company. 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview of Harvey Norman Holding Limited Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd is a public company whose principal activities consist of an integrated franchising, retail, and property entity. As a franchisor it give franchises to independent business operator and as business owners HVN provide retail product for home and office with different range of categories such as electrical, computers and communications, small appliances, furniture, bedding and Manchester, home improvements, lighting, carpet, and flooring. HVN started it business since October 1982 with only one store. For the past 26 years they are experiencing massive growth. As at 7 Oct 2008, there were 192 franchised complexes aroundShow MoreRelatedCorporate Finance Notes1881 Words à |à 8 PagesStudy notes By Zhipeng Yan Corporate Finance Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Jeffrey Jaffe Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance ..................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Accounting Statements and Cash Flow.............................................................. 3 Chapter 3 Financial Markets and NPV: First Principles of Finance................................... 6 Chapter 4 Net Present Value....................................Read MoreNotes for Corporate Finance2082 Words à |à 9 PagesCorporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. 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It deals murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-82429071066570747712020-05-06T19:07:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:07:15.962-07:00A Brief Note On Journalism And Its Effects On Journalism Raveena Singh CS 4001 4-25-2016 Automating Journalism Journalism should be as automated as possible and the production of tools to help journalists supplement their articles should be encouraged. For data-intensive fields, more algorithms with the ability to report news without human intervention should be generated. Although there is a fear that these new technologies will have harmful effects on journalism, collaboration between the technology and journalism industries will benefit the future of journalism. New technology will lead to cheaper production costs in the long run, greater content coverage, and overall higher-quality content. Journalism has changed over time with the help of technology. The tools that journalists use to createâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These tools include: Google Glass, Columbia Daily Tribune maps, metro maps, and algorithms. These tools have saved time, money, and resources compared to traditional journalistic methods. In the past, working for the newspaper meant discovering a good story, conducting interviews and research, and submitting stories on time. These elements stay at the core, but new elements have been added. Now, it is standard to generate video and audio alongside text, including an email address, and using web tools to add depth and richness to articles. It is also important to get information to readers as fast as possible on any platform they use (Regan, 2000). Technology will change the future of the way journalism is conducted. Just as phones gave reporters the ability to stay on the scene of a story longer, TV gave the ability to tell news stories with moving images. New media is already changing how journalists do their job, whether they welcome the changes or not. Producing this supplementary material will be a part of every reporterââ¬â¢s job description. The heart of good journalism, storytelling, will remain a priority, but the tools used will certainly change (Regan, 2000). Technology has changed the newspaper media industry in terms of how we read and report news. A reporter arriving to a scene with a pen and paper is an iconic image, but to be a successful journalist in the modern world murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-65841067743900640452020-05-06T00:40:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:40:09.054-07:00Exchange Rate Movements And The Australian -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Exchange Rate Movements And The Australian? Answer: Introduction The present report highlights on the case study focusing on the Australian dollar sliding back to 70 US cents. Based on this case study, the following questions are answered. The first questions reflect on the determination of AUD exchange rate in the Forex market using the demand and supply framework. The second question analyzes the movement of AUD in relation to that of USD. The third question discusses about the driving forces that affect the AUD/USD exchange rate. The fourth question elucidates on the influence of depreciation of Australian dollar on the firm. The last question focuses on the actions taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia for bringing the exchange rate back to US 80C AUD. Exchange rate refers to a specific nation currency in terms of foreign currency. The demand supply framework of determination of exchange rate indicates that equilibrium exchange rate varies when some of the factors that impact demand as well as supply condition varies. Unlike determination of price as well as quantity, the demand-supply model basically guides authorities to forecast this exchange rate in the next period. In addition, it also aids to trace different causes that impact the exchange rate of the nation and thereby directs policymakers to measure the condition effectively. The determination of exchange rate of AUD in the forex market has been described below. The figure below represents the demand- supply model of the foreign exchange market in which the demand of currencies has been attained through demand of export of the nation while the supply has been determined through demand of its imports (Amiti, Itskhok and Konings 2014, p.1970). The demand curve (DD) is drawn based on the derived demand whereas the supply curve (SS) is drawn based on aggregate import goods demand. It has been assumed that the equilibrium occurs at the point E* in which the exchange rate for per unit AUD is 80C USD. However, at this point, the demand for the import goods in the Australian market is depicted by Q. Now, if the demand for AUD increases from Q0 to Q1, the foreign exchange demand will shift in the rightward direction from DD to DD1. This leads to increase in exchange rate to 81C for per unit of AUD. On the contrary, if the demand of AUD decreases, the demand curve shifts to leftward direction from DD to DD2. This in turn leads to decline in exchange r ate to 77C USD per unit of AUD from 80C USD per unit of AUD. The above diagram of the demand-supply model of the exchange rate of Australia reflects that the market system is flexible (Mancini, Ranaldo and Wrampelmeyer 2013, p. 1840) There are several factors that lead to fluctuation of demand as well as supply of AUD, which are explained below: Rate of inflation- Low rate of inflation will exhibit increasing AUD value leading to rightward shift of demand curve. On the other hand, higher inflation rate leads to depreciation of AUD that shifts the demand curve to right. Current Account of nation- Australias current account includes exports, debt, imports and so on. Deficit in Australias current account owing to high spending in currency on import goods than total earnings from export goods sale leads to depreciation. This in turn shifts the demand curve to right. Interest rate-Rise in rate of interest leads to appreciation of the AUD owing to increase in demand of export of the products and services. Plans of government- The government of Australia increases the demand of its currency in the foreign market with increase in import substitution as well as export promotion. This in turn leads to increase in the nations exchange rate. Trade weighted Index (TWI) refers to multilateral exchange rate, which is complied as weighted average of domestic exchange rates with respect to foreign currencies. It is mainly used as an economic indicator in order o compare exchange rate of the nation against their main trading partner. In addition, it is highly useful between the Australian dollar and US dollar for estimating changes in competitiveness owing to movements in exchange rate (Burstein and Gopinath 2014, p.395). On the other hand, nominal exchange rate refers to the total number of unit of domestic currency, which can purchase foreign currency unit. However, decline in this variable refers to nominal appreciation of currency while increase in this variable refers to as nominal depreciation of currency. For over the past three years, there have been several fluctuations in nominal exchange rate of Australia and TWI. From the figure below, it can be seen that in the year 2015, there was several fluctuations and thus reflects that the nominal exchange rate of Australias currency was at peak at March (Lustig, Stathopoulos and Verdelhan 2016). Furthermore, during this period, the nominal exchange rate declined to lowest point owing to decline in demand for products and services in Australia. This in turn increases the cost of USD as compared to AUD. During the month of July 2017, it rose at high rate but declined again from October of the recession in the US market. But in the year 2017, the TWI value recorded the highest. Therefore, TWI fluctuated during the last three years based on the trade magnitude between US and Australia. In addition, weak US dollar has been one of the major factors of behavior of AUD. As the US market had become saturated over the years, it lead to recession in the year 2015, which in turn resulted into decrease in demand of products and services of Australia in US market (Sloman, Norris and Garrett 2013). Hence, since the year 2017, the demand for products and services and rate of interest in Australia increases, which in turn lead to increase in AUD demand. However, from the above two figures, it can be seen that there has been increasing trend, which signifies that there will be better business between US and Australia in future. The given article reflects that there have been several reasons for the current fluctuation in AUD as compared to USD. The study also highlights that the major reason behind increase in AUD in respect of USD is increasing price of goods and droop in export of USD. However, this has increased the export of Australia leading to increase in AUD demand (Manalo, Perera, and Rees 2015, p.60). As a result, there has been appreciation of AUD in comparison with USD. In fact, the strength of AUD is not highly sustainable due to rigid wages as well as inflation rate of this nation. Furthermore, some threats also occurs such as decrease in iron ore price in global market, decrease in Chinese economys growth and increasing gap between Australia and US. In addition, it has been predicted that the AUD will again decline to 70 C USD when the interest rate of US begins to surpass interest rate of Australia and export with US declines. The figure below portrays variation in Australian exchange rate with the help of demand and supply (Frenkel and Johnson 2013). Increase in export of iron ore as well as US exchange rate slump leads to rise in exchange rate from Ex to Ex1 as AUD faced rise in demand. Therefore, if the gap in rate of interest increases between US and Australia and declining price of iron ore is considered, then demand will decline to D2. However, new equilibrium occurs at E2 in which the exchange rate is Ex2. Imports will become highly expensive with the depreciation of AUD, which again might lead to lower demand of import goods. However, with less importable demand, the enterprise will increase commodity price for making profit. This increase in price of goods leads to decline in demand for product, which again leads to increase in price (Gabaix and Maggiori 2015, p. 1375). This cycle continues until equilibrium quantity as well as price is attained. In addition, low AUD value in respect of USD, the importer of electric machinery might face huge loss owing to reduction in importable demand. On the contrary, depreciation will also lead to increase in export as the exported goods become cheaper with decline in AUD/USD exchange rate. This in turn will increase the BOP (Balance of Payment) and increase in economic growth. Moreover, deficit in current account with also increase with AUD depreciation as compared to USD. Hence, the terms of trade between US will enhance with decrease in exchang e rate. Considering the overall Australian economy, the exporters of the products are the main ones who enjoy the benefits of lower Australian dollar (Berman, Martin and Mayer 2012, p.449) However, the local business might find competitive edge over the import goods, which in turn generally becomes highly expensive. By taking into account the given situation, it can be said that there are several instruments that the government of Australia might enter the exchange rate in order to gain appreciation. From the newspaper report, it can be seen that exchange rate of Australian dollar has been declining owing to decline in iron ore demand from Australia (Chowdhury 2012, p. 345). In addition, the government of this nation can take plans regarding export promotion by focusing on the US market that in turn might enhance the demand of mining products in Australia. This in turn might lead to increase in AUD demand in the foreign nations. However, this might appreciate AUD in comparison with USD. The given article also highlights that there has been increasing gap of rate in interest between Australia and US owing to increase in the Federal rate. Suppose if the gap increases hugely, then it is expected some of the international investors will make investment in the US economy instead of making it in Austr alian economy (Ismail 2018). This in turn might lead to decline in exchange rate of AUD and increase in exchange rate in USD. In order to bring back the exchange rate, the Reserve Bank of Australia should take some actions. The Australian economy is slowing down owing to sluggish wage rate and inflation rate. For overcoming this condition, the Reserve Bank of Australia should increase their rate of interest and must also take program regarding fiscal expansion from the accumulated fund (Taussig 2013). As a result, this will help to enhance the economic growth by overcoming this condition. Furthermore, the Australian government should also adopt import substitution method as well as quota system for stopping the deficit of net export. Although these plans might help to bring back the exchange rate of AUD from 72C to 80C USD for AUD, this might create adverse impact. For example, implementing import quota system might not be possible in AUSFTA pact between the nations. Additionally, i ncrease in export promotion leads to appreciation in AUD, which again leads to increase in imports (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). Apart from this, domestic investment might increase if the government increases rate of interest and thus demand might fall owing to deficiency in liquidity in market. Thus, Australia might bring back exchange rate to 80C USD per unit AUD with this above given plan. Moreover, the government should increase the development of infrastructure, then it be might be beneficial for the nation for increasing the exchange rate. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that exchange rate fluctuates due to several activities in the economy. The demand-supply framework of the Australias exchange rate reflects that its market system is flexible. The TWD data also highlights that there has been fluctuations in AUD relative to that USD for the last few years. Increase in export of iron ore as well as US exchange rate and rise in product price are the main drivers that affect AUD/USD. The depreciation of Australian dollar has positive influence on the organization and thus local business benefits from this. In addition, the actions that Reserve Bank of Australia will take for bringing back exchange rate are- increasing rate of interest, reduction of wage rate and keeps inflation rate low. References Amiti, M., Itskhoki, O. and Konings, J., 2014. Importers, exporters, and exchange rate disconnect.American Economic Review,104(7), pp.1942-78. Berman, N., Martin, P. and Mayer, T., 2012. How do different exporters react to exchange rate changes?.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,127(1), pp.437-492. Bramble, T., 2015. The Australian economy after the mining boom.Red Flag. Burstein, A. and Gopinath, G., 2014. International prices and exchange rates. InHandbook of International Economics(Vol. 4, pp. 391-451). Elsevier. Chinn, M.D. and Wei, S.J., 2013. A faith-based initiative meets the evidence: does a flexible exchange rate regime really facilitate current account adjustment?.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(1), pp.168-184. Chowdhury, K., 2012. Modelling the dynamics, structural breaks and the determinants of the real exchange rate of Australia.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,22(2), pp.343-358. Frenkel, J.A. and Johnson, H.G. eds., 2013.The Economics of Exchange Rates (Collected Works of Harry Johnson): Selected Studies(Vol. 8). Routledge. Gabaix, X. and Maggiori, M., 2015. International liquidity and exchange rate dynamics.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(3), pp.1369-1420. Gallo, C. and Fratello, A., 2014. The Forex market in practice: a computing approach for automated trading strategies.International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences (IJEMS),3(2). Ismail, N. (Conclusiontipped-to-slide-back-to-70-us-cents-20180129-h0pp8v.html [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018]. Lustig, H., Stathopoulos, A. and Verdelhan, A., 2016. Nominal exchange rate stationarity and long-term bond returns.Available at SSRN Manalo, J., Perera, D. and Rees, D.M., 2015. Exchange rate movements and the Australian economy.Economic Modelling,47, pp.53-62. Mancini, L., Ranaldo, A. and Wrampelmeyer, J., 2013. Liquidity in the foreign exchange market: Measurement, commonality, and risk premiums.The Journal of Finance,68(5), pp.1805-1841. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Sloman, J., Norris, K. and Garrett, D., 2013.Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Taussig, F.W., 2013.Principles of economics(Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc.. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-42472497889460073292020-04-20T15:25:00.001-07:002020-04-20T15:25:03.368-07:00Mauritius, Social Housing Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius free essay sample Social Housing Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius Abstract: The Republic of Mauritius has been a model success story in both economic and social progress among both the African nations and the whole world. Despite many odds, the country has made tremendous economic progress and has succeeded at the same time to uplift significantly the living standards of the population in general. This paper gives an overview of the matter of the low-income housing in Mauritius. The first part of the paper gives the economical background and the evolution of the social movement in Mauritius. The second part introduces the current housing conditions and the situation of poverty and low-income groups in Mauritius. Finally the strategy of social housing is discussed. The Mauritius social housing strategy is discussed in terms of the changes in the institutional structure, and policies. Then the types of social housing and their financing are introduced. We will write a custom essay sample on Mauritius, Social Housing: Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keywords: Mauritius; Welfare State; Social Housing; Low Income Households AUTAR Bhotish Awtar | | Matric No: 2011280122 | Masters Candidate Tsinghua University | School of Architecture | Department of Urban Planning Please submit any feedback to [emailprotected] om Submitted to: |[emailprotected] tsinghua. edu. cn | Submission date: 17th June 2012 Introduction At independence, Mauritius did not appear predestined for the progress that followed. Challenges included: extreme cultural diversity as well as racial inequality; power concentrated in a small elite (of French British colonial descendants); high unemployment; and high population growth. The country suffered from an economic crisis throughout the 1970s, was remote from world markets and was commodity dependent. It also exhibited low initial levels of human development. Nobel Laureate for Economics, James Meade even said in 1961, as quoted below: ââ¬Å"It is going to be a great achievement if Mauritius can find productive employment for its population without a serious reduction in the existing standard of living The outlook for peaceful development is poorâ⬠Despite multiple factors stacked against it, Mauritius has achieved stellar progress in economic conditions, and has been unique in its ability to take advantage of privileged access to international markets to develop in a sustained and equitable manner. This has been enabled and complemented by effective poverty reduction and equitable improvements in human development. These achievements have been made by means of: a concerted strategy of nation building; strong and inclusive institutions; high levels of equitable public investment in human development; and a pragmatic development strategy (Vandemoortele, 2010). This success against all odds was coined as the ââ¬ËMauritian Miracleââ¬â¢. In independence year of 1968, the countryââ¬â¢s GDP per capita was US$ 2601, and in 2010, the figure rose to around US$ 14,0002 in 2010. Comparatively, in 2010 the average GNI per capita (PPP) for Sub-Saharan Africa stood at 2,1083. During the same period of 1968 to 2010, population rose from 787,000 to 1,281,0004. In 2011, an expectancy of life of 73 years5 at birth and the country had a Human Development Index (HDI) score of 7. 26, compared with an average of 4. 6 in the Sub-Saharan African region. The country was also ranked highest on the Earth Instituteââ¬â¢s World Happiness Index among the Sub-Saharan African countries7, leaving behind Botswana and South Africa, other regional economic champions. Socialist movement in Mauritius Mauritius is a welfare state. It has a comprehensive social security system for the whole population and various other social protection schemes. Education is free from primary to university level, with 1 2 Source: IFAD, 2005 For 2010, GDP per capita (PPP) of US$ 14,194, according to IMF, 2011 World Economic Outlook, and GNI per capital (PPP) of 13,960 (units International Dollar) according to World Bank, 2011 3 (units International Dollar) according to World Bank, 2011 4 Figures for population for Republic of Mauritius is from various open source, such as Mauritius CSO, World Bank and other online open data sources. Source: UN Statistics, from WorldBank. org 6 Source: http://hdr. undp. org 7 Mauritius Ranking 64th out of 156 countries with 5. 5 points, on a 0-10 scale, 0 being extremely unhappy and 10 being extremely happy compulsory education up to age of 16. Health care including tertiary care, like heart surgery) is also free. Basic foodstuffs (rice and flour) as well as housing for lower middle-income group are heavily subsidized. Income support is provided to household with low income. The government provides nnual grants to a number of NGOs that cater for the specific needs of handicapped persons and vulnerable groups (Deerpalsingh, 2011). There are also price controls on some other commodities such as cement, petroleum products, bread, onions and edible oils. The state plays a key role in social welfare and security. In fact, expenditure on community and social services attracts the largest share of total government expenditure. The percentage out of total government expenditure spent on health, education, social security and welfare, and housing, over the period 1980 to 1988 averaged 43% and by 1999 was as high as 52%. Preferential access to markets in the European Union and the USA has facilitated this strong welfare state (Bundoo, 2006) The construction of a comprehensive welfare state in Mauritius did not emerge out of a smooth and steady process. Each of the three episodes of welfare reform the formal introduction of noncontributory old-age pensions in 1950, family allowances in 1962 and social insurance in 1976-1978, were borne out of long-periods of deliberation and procrastination from the colonial officials (Phaahla, 2000). It took riots by unorganized sugar estate workers in the late 1930ââ¬â¢s and strong trade unions today, to obtain and maintain a particularly socialist environment in the country, despite, a very open and capitalist market economy in Mauritius, it has been succeeded to preserve a considerable labor protection and benefit to the workers. In the more modern times, the social movement is directly related to the democratic governmental system. Around every five years general elections are held, and the publicââ¬â¢s voting of a certain party is very sensitive to the economic and social conditions of the country. In many instances in the history, after independence, the government has been ââ¬Ëoverthrownââ¬â¢ out of office, as sanction voting by the population, due to bad economic and social performances. The most popular example, would perhaps in the 1982, elections when the government in office, with the ââ¬Ëfather of the nationââ¬â¢ as the head of the country, faced the worse possible defeat. This was because the unemployment and other economic and social indicators were all in the red. In terms of social services, Mauritius has been practicing a s ââ¬Ëfive pillarââ¬â¢ model as advocated by the World Bank in a report in 2005. But, it is worth noting that the five-pillar system in Mauritius was completed as far back as 1994. So, Mauritius had already been implementing the social model for 11 years (Deerpalsingh, 2011). Providing decent shelter for low-income groups has been another major social priority of the government. In the face of the rising price of rented accommodation, the government initiated projects for the construction of working-class flats in different parts of the country. The National Housing Development Corporation (NHDC) was set up in order to expedite large-scale construction of low-cost housing. House ownership grew from 66 per cent in 1983 to almost 93 per cent in 20018. Current Housing Conditions To understand the access to housing to the low income household, it is important to understand the general housing condition of the Mauritian. This helps in explaining the ownership policies and housing types that are provided to those who have financial difficulty in possessing a shelter comparable to his fellow countryman. With around $ 14,000 per capita GDP (PPP), Mauritius currently has a relatively high housing quality. In the 2011 Housing survey, it was noted that around 89% of the building stock in the country were residential building (with 85% wholly residential). Of which, 77% were separate housing units, 12% were semi detached or apartment types and 5% are mixed residential-commercial. In Mauritius, traditionally the houses are self-constructed by assigning small contractors to the job, who solely rely on their experience and owners design expectations. For medium and large projects, bigger contractors and construction specialists like architects and engineers are employed. The construction of houses were 92% of concrete walls and roof, 3% concrete walls and iron sheet roofs, and 5% were made out of wood and iron sheets. Although the human settlement patterns in Mauritius is quite dispersed, in terms of basic amenities, almost all (more than 99%) of the houses were connected to nation electricity grid and water systems. 96% of all the housing units had running water in the bathrooms and had modern flush toilets facilities. 8% had their waste collected regularly by municipality or other authorized companies. Almost all the housing units in Mauritius are privately owned, 99% in 2011, among which only 12% were reported to be mortgaged. An astonishing low percentage of 0. 3% of housing units was reported to be public housing in the same year. In terms of the tenure rate of the housing in 2011, 89% of the residents were owner of the hous e they were living in, compared to 8% who were renting or sub-renting. Another 3% were living for free in the housing provided by relatives or employers. It is interesting to note that the average monthly rent in 2000 was Rs 2,300 and increased to Rs 4,400 in 2011, however after adjustment for inflation, the housing rent actually remained the same as 2000. Poverty in Mauritius In 2010, the National Empowerment Fund that was created in 2005 to reduce poverty had enumerated around 70009 households in 225 regions of the country. These represented the families that were most in need of social help. But, the definition of poverty in Mauritius is quite versatile. 8 Bundoo 2006, p175 Exactly 6983 families that lived under national poverty line; According to NEF, Poches de pauvrete, downloaded from http://nef. mu 9 Using the poverty line $1. 25 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per person per day, and data from the 2001/02 and 2006/07 Household Budget Surveys, the proportion of poor people in Mauritius is estimated by the Central Statistics Office to be below 1% in both 2001/02 and 2006/07. For developing countries like Mauritius, the $2 a day poverty line is more relevant. Even, using this line, the proportion of poor people is estimated to be less than 1. % in 2001/02 and 2006/07 household income surveys. So, the concept of ââ¬Ëextreme povertyââ¬â¢ (as internationally defined) is not used in Mauritius. Instead, the concept of ââ¬Ërelative povertyââ¬â¢ is used. Relative poverty is assessed using data collected at Household Budget Survey (HBS) and a relative poverty line defined on the basis of median household incomes. Household income c omprises income from employment, property, transfer, income from own produced goods and services and imputed rent for non-renting households. Data published by the CSO in the 2001/02 and 2006/07 Household Budget Surveys indicate that the percentage of households having income below the half median increased from 13. 1% in 2001/02 to 14. 3% in 2006/07. Average monthly household income for the poor is estimated at Rs 7,055 against Rs 22,242 for all households. The poverty line was fixed at Rs 3,821, which is the half median monthly income per adult equivalent. So, the official figure for poverty in Mauritius in 2007/07 was 26,400 households, or 7. 9% of the total 335,000 households in Mauritius. This concerned 8. 5% of the national population. From the 2007 Poverty Report, it can be also seen that 55% of the total government expenditure went to ââ¬ËCommunity and Social Servicesââ¬â¢. Monthly public transfers (social security benefits paid by government) derived by the poorest decile group of households was estimated at Rs 1,367 per household in 2006/07. Public transfers for poorest decile represented 22% of their total household disposable income against 2. 4% for the richest decile. Public transfers were found to be significant on bringing down poverty; it is estimated that if public transfers would have been discontinued, the overall household poverty rate would be 15. % instead of 7. 9%. Characteristics of Low Income Household Understanding the particularities of the poor or low-income households, are very important to know their economic strength and lifestyle. This would help to understand the type and cost of social housing that is offered to them. Again, in 2006/07, the average of ââ¬Ëlow incomeââ¬â¢ hou seholds in Mauritius was calculated to be around Rs 7,000 (compared to Rs 22,200 for all household), with an average expenditure on Rs 6,500 (compared to Rs 14,300 for all households). 1% of the income came from paid employment, 24% from government support, and the rest from self-employment and odd jobs. In terms of employment, where the national share of employment by sector in 2006/07 was as followed: Primary sector- 9%, Secondary sector- 32% and Tertiary sector- 59%; the structure was a little different for the poor families, as followed: Primary sector- 21%, Secondary sector- 37% and Tertiary sector- 42%. So, it can also be noted that the poorer people were more dominant in agricultural and manufacturing industries, and less present in the service industry. This explains partly, their low income. This phenomenon is also related to their level of education. The study has shown a very clear correlation with the distribution of income and the education level of members aged 20 and above. The higher the incomes, the proportion of the members having passed the primary and secondary education are larger. The share of expenditure on basic items such as food, clothing and housing over total expenditure was 65% for poor households, against 48% for all households. Figure 1 shows the detail expenditure of the poor against all households. It is interesting to note in the report that the average monthly loan repayment10 was Rs 1400 for poor housing, against Rs 4,353 for all indebted households. The highest loan repayment for poor households was on housing11. Figure 1: Expenditure habits of poor households, 2006/0712 As mentioned above, according to the 2010/11 Household survey, 8% who were renting or sub-renting. In 2006/07 the figure was 8. 4% for all households, but for the poor households, 16. 7% were renting their housing. The rest owned their houses or were provided free by relative or employer. The average poor household had a size of 4. 0 members, however the house had on average 3. 7 rooms, compared to average of 3. 7 members with 5. 2 rooms for all households. The amount poor households 10 11 Including, loans or purchase on credits, for housing, furniture, electric appliances, personal loans and other loans. 26% of the poor households had housing loans, which on average was Rs 2,491 12 Source: CSO 2007, Poverty Report 2006/07, p59 with two or less rooms accounted for 19%, against only 5% for all households13. There were more than one person per room in 63% of the households, against only 29% in all households14. This gives an idea of how poor households lived in a denser indoor environment than their other country man. Low Income Housing in Mauritius Strategies Institutions Since the 1980ââ¬â¢s Mauritius was still an economy based on mono crop agriculture. Sugar cane cultivation had been the economic backbone for centuries of colonization, and only in the 80ââ¬â¢s the diversification help Mauritius get out of the trap. Saying so, after independence in 1968, all successive governments regularly reiterate their will to gradually dismantle the ââ¬Ësugar estates campsââ¬â¢, which were the housing provided by colonial estate owner to workers. It was important to do so, as they remain powerful physical and psychological symbols of the sugar plantations hierarchy of the 19th century. A study in 1990 revealed that there were still 125 such estates in the country, and on the basis of finding long term alternatives for such residences, the government put pressure on the sugar estates, to phase out these camps and develop housing programs for their workers. The options offered were either to resettle the workers on an alternative site, out of the masterââ¬â¢s property, or to sell the land and house to the current resident on the estate (UN, 2000). As seen above, the poor are usually less educated and work in agriculture. And since the structuring of the sugar industry 15 in the last decade, more and more of these people are losing their job, and because of age and education level, they cannot find other jobs. So, an early retirement scheme, worked out by all concerned parties and government, and involves giving a lump sum and a plot of residential land to the worker. The land given to the worker, are usually sugar plantations16 that have been converted to residential with basic infrastructure of road, electricity and water supply. This helps in reusing the abandoned agricultural lands and reduced the pressure of cash reward to the estate companies. In 1983, the house ownership in Mauritius was 66%, and then it rose to 76% in 1990, rose again to 87% in 2000, to reach a high 89% in 201117. Although official figures indicate a very high rate of owner-occupiers compared with other countries, these figures hide other quite serious problems of housing which may culminate into a crisis in years to come if some issues are not addressed in time Social housing programs for low income groups which had begun in the 1960s, gave way to a new housing strategy based on cost recovery through the setting up of a public company, The National Housing Development Company Limited (NHDC) in 1991 (UN, 2000). 13 14 Author calculation from CSO 2007, Poverty report 07, table 4. Author calculation from CSO 2007, Poverty report 07, table 4. 7 15 which currently contribute less than 4% of the GDP and less than 8% of employment 16 Since restructuring, large areas of sugar plantation have been abandoned by the sugar estates 17 Various Source, Boodoo 2006 for 1983 1990; 2011 Housing Survey for 2000 and 2011 Until 1991 the Central Housing Authority (CHA) was responsible for the task of building and administering of the low income housings estates. Medium rise apartment type buildings were built and let to the low income groups. The system was not successful at different levels. Firstly, most of the units were rented to low income households, instead of been owned. So, rents were sometimes not been paid, and the residents paid little attention to the built environment. This lend to a rapid degradation of the buildings and amenities. Secondly, although targeted for low income earners, the middle income group could somehow buy the apartment units. Thirdly, due to the deplorable design and soft policy, the CHA estates turned into undesirable living places where social problems grew. In 1991, the responsibility of providing low income housing has been passed the newly established National Development Company (NHDC), and the CHA was renamed the Housing Management Unit (MHU), which just left to administer these estates and collect rents. Another important institution was restructured shift to be noted during the same period. Since its creation in 1963, the Mauritius Housing Corporation, was governmental body was responsible to create housing for the middle income class, while the CHA was doing the same for low income class, financed by loans through the Mauritius Agricultural Bank18. In 1989, the Mauritius Housing Corporation (MHC) was incorporated and renamed the Mauritius Housing Company Limited, which then was more like a bank, to cater better to the need of the housing demands. Then the new MHC, no longer deals with the construction and policy of the social housing, it provides soft loans to those below a certain income level, and started the Plan Epargne Logement, PEL (in English, Housing Savings Scheme), that offer exceptional loan rates to anyone, who would deposit money in MHC bank. Nowdays, the MHC has developed into a one-stop shop for all need of housing services. In additional to loans, it deals with the providing of architectural, structural, legal, technical, insurances and project management services, at nominal or free of charges. Prior to 2006, the social housing responsibility lied solely within the hands of the government. But, as the demand was growing and the government could only built around 900 units a years, with a waiting list of 25,000 housing units, the private sector was called to participate through various PPP (publicprivate partnership) projects. The aim was to raise the rate of construction to at least 1500 yearly19. Another interesting fact is that as from 2009, the government established a policy of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that requires profitable private companies to invest at least 2%20 of their profit, into social help, like donation to NGO, or other social and environmental programs, including housing for the poor. The CSR is the concept whereby companies act to balance their own economic growth with the sustainable social and environmental development of their areas of operation. A company performing highly in CSR is one that goes beyond compliance with the legal framework to actively pursue positive impacts on local communities and its environmental footprint. 18 19 Source: Mauritius Housing Company Ltd, website: http://www. mhc. mu/mhc/; retrieved June 2012 Speech of Minister of Lands and Housing, March 2006 20 Source: NEF, http://www. nef. mu/csr/, retrieved June 2012 Low Income Housing Types and Finance Up to date, there are five main players in the housing sector. They are the Commercial Banks, the Insurance Companies, the Mauritius Housing Company Ltd (MHC), the National Housing Development Company LTD (NHDC) and the Housing Division of the Ministry of Land and Housing (Joseph, 2007). The role of the commercial and insurance companies is to offer housing finance facilities, in addition of their usual core activities. However, the other three players have a very important role in the provision of housing to the general public of Mauritius, but to especially the low and lower middle income group. Even if the government continued to build some apartment types housing, single housing or duplex types were more and more practiced. These types of housing created a better environment for social diversity and were more inclusive in term of equality. It should be noted that in Mauritius, these units are not built in large numbers, but in small numbers between 50 to 100 units spread all over the island. This is due to the availability of land for development and the concentration of poverty in the region. The spread of the social housing and its small numbers help social integration and the balance of the local diversity. Currently, these locations are mostly located in the rural area, as part of the National Plan to increase rural population and develop and reduce the burden on the already dense urban regions. Figure 221 shows an example of a type of social housing units that NHDC are building with the help of the Export-Import Bank of China. Site Bois Mangue St Pierre (Circonstance) Dagotiere Highlands Bambous Montagne Blanche Mon Choisy Cottage La Cure Notre Dame Pointe aux Sables (A B) Pointe aux Sables (C) Units 108 72 52 84 148 100 98 52 120 60 128 70 21 Source: Ministry of Lands and Housing, retrieved June 2012 Rose Belle Camp Levieux Trou aux Biches Mahebourg Total 76 152 76 78 1474 Figure 2: Example of 1474 housing units scattered into 18 sites around the island. The ââ¬ËFiringa Typeââ¬â¢ is the one most currently built for the lowest income groups. These are semi-detached units of 40m2 each. It provides for bathroom with toilet and a kitchen table with sink. There are better duplexes types that are constructed for lower middle class. Some houses are spread on two stories and have 2-3 bedrooms with balconies. As the types of housing vary from one income group to another, the financing to these group are not the same. As for the Firinga units the interest rate is fixed at 6. 5% per annum, for other types, the finances vary according to the cost of the housing and household income (that is total income of husband and wife). The current loan scheme from the MHC is as below: For household earning up to 7,500 per month: ? ? ? Long term credit repayment period up to 20 years, depending on the age of the applicants; Subsidized rates of interest of 6. % during the first five years, 8. 0% during the next five years, and 10. 0 % during the remaining years of the repayment period; and A non-refundable Government grant equivalent to 20 % of the gross credit amount subject to a maximum of Rs 30 000. For households earning more than Rs7 500 and up to Rs 10 000: ? ? Long term credit repayment period up to 20 years, depending on the age of the of the applicants; and Subsidized rates of interest of 10 % d uring the first five years, 12 % during the next five years, and 14 % during the remaining years of the repayment period. And finally for those earning more than Rs 10 000: ? ? Long term credit repayment period up to 25 years, depending on the age of the of the applicants; and Rates of interest of 13 % during the first five years, and 14 % during the remaining years of the repayment period. To protect those in the most needs, there are strict eligibility criteria to obtain a NHDC unit like they should not be owner of a housing unit or of a plot of residential land, have made regular contributions o a PEL savings account for a period of at least six months; and priority is given to applicant that reside in the region where the house has been constructed. It should be noted that, in order to relief the burden on the government to provide affordable housing, the MHC provide loans at favorable rates to low and lower middle income applicants who want to construct their own house or want to buy a plot of land. A subsidy for the concrete roof construction, which is considered one of the most expensive parts of the construction, and to prevent the houses have iron sheet roofing. Conclusion: We have seen in this paper that the social movement has been present since before the independence and the movement was stronger after the independence, by the pressure of strong trade unions, and the strong democratic system, where the public opinions and demands could not be undermined. In the welfare state of Mauritius, the government has done greatly in terms of policies and investment to provide decent housing not only for the poor, but also for the less poor. In 2011, the housing ownership approached the 90% and the private sector was also made part into the responsibility to provide housing for all Mauritian, in the way the Mauritians like it. The institutional and financial structure in Mauritius is quite mature after evolving for around 50 years now. It is important to note that Mauritius has a large lower middle and middle class population and that housing benefit are also given to them, in terms of favorable loans rates, and subsidies. References: Websites: Mauritius Housing Company Limited, MHC: www. hc. mu Ministry of Lands and Housing, Housing Division: www. gov. mu/portal/site/housing/ National Empowerment Fund, NEF: www. nef. mu National Housing Development Company Limited, NHDC: www. nhdc-online. com Literature: Bundoo S. K. (2006); Financial and Trade Reforms and Impact on Poverty and Income Inequality: The Case of Mauritius; from Pro-Poor Macroeconomics- Potentials and Limitations, Chapter 8; edited by Cornia G. A. CSO (2009) ; Poverty Report 2006/07 CSO (2011); 2011 Housing Census Main Results Deerpalsingh N. 2011); Access to Social Services for Non-Citizen and the Portability of Social Benefits in Mauritius; From Assess to the Social Services for Non-Citizen and the Portability of Social Benefits within the SADC; Chapter 3, edited by Mpedi L. G. Smit N. Joseph Mathew (2007); Mauritius Housing Company Limited; AUHF AGM Conference, 17th -21st September 2007 in Ghana Ministry of Housing and Land (2006); Speech of Minister A. Dullul; Government Social Housing Projects on a Private Public Partnership Basis; on 1st March 2006 Phaahla L. E. (2000); Development with Social Justice- Social Democracy in Mauritius; Masterââ¬â¢s Thesis presented at Stellenbosch University United Nations (2000); Common Country Assessment, Mauritius; Office of the UN Resident Coordinator, Mauritius, May 2000 United Nations Habitat (2004); Human Settlements Country Profile, Mauritius Vandemoortele M. and Bird K. (2010); Progress in economic conditions: Sustained success against the odds in Mauritius; for Overseas Development Institute murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-26721802143867802652020-03-15T17:51:00.001-07:002020-03-15T17:51:02.794-07:00What Beleiving Evolution MeansWhat Beleiving Evolution Means Free Online Research Papers Knowledge of evolution can affect the way you view different areas of life, but it wasnââ¬â¢t always as widely accepted (even though it is still not entirely accepted). For the past sixty years, biological beliefs, such as evolution, have been hot topics from both a political and religious perspective. It has raised controversy in the religious world and has not made things easy in the political world. However radical these ideas used to seem, they are getting much more support in both the political and religious worlds. According to Biologists, there is no such thing a race. They believe that race from human to human (even organism to organism) does not exist. At first this is an interesting thought. People are generally raised to believe that there are different races in the world, while their origins are differing. This statement is slightly true, excluding the different races. Biologists refer to DNA to prove their point on this subject. The only differences between one ââ¬Å"raceâ⬠to another ââ¬Å"raceâ⬠are a few different genotypes and phenotypes. A genotype is a combination of genes, and a combination of genotypes will result in a Trait (a phenotype is any Trait). Between the differences in phenotypes (which could range anywhere from skin color to health issues) and the cultures in which one grows up in creates the different variety of humans in this world. However, different cultures have definitely had problems with the relatively new idea of evolution. Evolution, in comparison to religion, is a very new subject. There were a few scientists that were before their times and helped build the foundation of beliefs for evolution. However, evolution has only started to raise questions about the validity of the ideas and the controversial ideas behind it for about sixty years. When it came to the religion vs. science question for me, even when I was young, I always leaned toward science. Even though I was raised Jewish, had a Bar-Mitzvah and was part of a youth group for most of high school. All the proof I needed to start believing in science and more particularly evolution began with fossils. I thought they poked a huge hole in the religion idea being millions of years old, when the religious world is only 7,000 years or so old. Then the similarities between species, such as apes and humans, were too perfect to even consider another way. This drove me to believe that evolution was no accident. The truths behind evolution seem to be overwhelming, for me, and it would seem illogical to not include evolution as the main reason for why people are who they are. The knowledge of evolution has definitely influenced my perspective on the world both politically and religiously. Research Papers on What Beleiving Evolution MeansGenetic EngineeringCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through Deception murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-13039684143332247562020-02-28T08:17:00.001-08:002020-02-28T08:17:02.649-08:00Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5Paraphrase - Essay Example This led to formation of professional organizations like the National Safety Council that made positive contributions to safety at the work place. Based on a postulate that accidents are psychologically triggered and that they could be prevented, research initiatives established that effective management and efficient procedures through employee training and awareness is an important factors towards reducing accident cases and claims. Developments after the year 1930 such reduced accidents; courts approach to settling compensation disputes and setbacks to the psychological assumption led to the collapse of the investigative era. Accident and injury prevention are two distinct occurrences whose difference can be understood from their scope, objectives and timing factors. While accident prevention concentrates on the entire work environment and possible risks, injury prevention lays preference on people within the work environment. Preventing an accident therefore considers both the environment and the involved people while preventing injury focuses on peopleââ¬â¢s risks. Even though injury prevention can be done after an accident, both injury prevention and accident prevention improves workplace safety through identification and control of possible risks at the murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-22437458210993006722020-02-12T01:04:00.001-08:002020-02-12T01:04:03.398-08:00Case Analysis of Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsCase Analysis of Starbucks - Research Paper Example The companyââ¬â¢s management acted promptly, under the leaderships of the CEO Schultz, to resolve internal weaknesses and to adapt to the changing external market environment to ensure the survival of the organization in this industry. The survival of the company in tough market environment can be associated with the ability of the leader to work together with the company to satisfy all the shareholders of the organization. This essay presents an analysis of the Starbucks Corporation and the basic strategies that the company has deployed to win the coffee market. First, the paper will present the background of the company, covering its environment, the industry and the major players in the coffee industry. Next will be a critical analysis of the companyââ¬â¢s strategies and the various emerging market conditions that underpins the organizational performance. This will provide a good ground to provide alternative approaches that Starbucks would have used to support its development strategy. Starbucks is a company that started back in 1987 in Seattle, Washington by Baldwin, Siegel and Bowker. The company started with nine stores in the domestic market, and the main products include whole beans and coffee products. Schultz became the CEO of Starbucks in 1987, after acquiring the company and receiving a majority vote from the company directors. During this stage company ventured in the domestic market and Schultz helped the company to focus on the customer value model. This left Starbucks as a dominant market stakeholder in the marketing strategy. The company opened more stores in US to take advantage of the growing demand of coffee in the domestic market (Buchanan and Simmons 517). The companys vision was to satisfy the customers through unique coffee products that they had not tasted before. The company focused on diversifying its products when after a long debate they introduced the non-fat murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-5672483473461868812020-01-31T14:52:00.001-08:002020-01-31T14:52:04.360-08:00A Comparison between the Hindu Gods of Good and Evil Essay Example for Free A Comparison between the Hindu Gods of Good and Evil Essay In Hinduism, the primary goal of an individual is to achieve the so-called Nirvana or ââ¬Å"becoming one with God. â⬠Nirvana connotes the transcendence of the human spirit to the Oneness of the Divine Spirit (Hemenway, 2003). Hence, many Hindus practice a variety of evolved rituals and esoteric practices to enable their spirit to adapt to the divine essence. The hope of spiritual transcendence given by Nirvana became the basis for creation or conceptualization of many gods in the Hindu religion. These gods are basically derivatives of the ââ¬Å"One Godâ⬠; the ââ¬Å"One Godââ¬â¢ being represented in all aspects of nature (Hemenway, 2003). Thus, in order to simulate the specific characteristics of this God, Hindus focus on worshipping all the representations of this God. In general, the Hindu religion speaks of about 300 major and lesser gods. The primary three gods are known as the Holy Trinity. Brahma is the creator; Vishnu is the preserver (pattern-maker); and Shiva, the destroyer. The three are inseparable from each other. In order for creation to proceed, there must be a period of destruction. In order for destruction to occur, a period of preservation must happen (prior). Thus, the existence of the three gods presents a vivid description of the Hinduââ¬â¢s belief on the existence of man. If man is to be born, he must be preserved from the impediments of bad life and evil, and he must face the reality of death. To be born is to be created; to be preserved is to be rectified from the evils of daily living; to die is to acknowledge the origin of the human spirit. Only in this way that the human spirit would be able to achieve Nirvana (transcendence of the human spirit to the divine essence). Thus, Hindus hold on the assumption that once man is born (and reborn) in this world, there are powers who would guide and misguide him to attain Nirvana. The guiding powers are essentially the gods of good. The powers misguiding man to his true purpose are the gods of evil. This is though unlike the Christian conception of good and evil. Evil here is not seen as non-functional. Rather it serves as a manifest of test during the preservation period of manââ¬â¢s being; that is, the necessity to achieve Nirvana. Good here is seen something as an end; that is, the representation of Nirvana on earth. We can therefore assume that the conception of good and evil is a rectification of ideological misconceptions in the Hindu religion. The first clarification is concerning the source of good and evil. It is quite clear in Hindu religion that both good and evil gods came from the same source. Evil is the perversion of good. In order for evil to exist, good must first come into existence. The second clarification states ââ¬Å"good gods are often transformed into evil gods as they experience strange circumstances. â⬠The conception connotes the existence of One Divine Essence represented as both good and evil in nature. Evil is not a natural phenomenon, it springs from the Divine Essence serving as a test to humanity. Thus, when we compare Hindu gods of good and evil, take note that we are essentially talking of functional difference. This functional difference is manifested in the perceived roles of the gods in nature. The Hindu gods of good are represented in things ââ¬Å"perceivedâ⬠by the Hindus as rudiments of a ââ¬Å"good life. â⬠For example, Ganesha is often described as a god of good because he bestows good fortune to those seeking his favor. Specifically, he is considered the source of prosperity and wealth for Hindus. Some call Ganesha the Lord of Good Fortune and the Destroyer of Obstacles. Often, Hindus attribute their economic and social well-being to the hands of Ganesha. Added to that, because man is located in a physical world full of dangers and obstacles, he continuously provide his divine guidance to man. Hence, he is sometimes called the god of wisdom and intellect in Hinduism. Ganesha is seen as a good god who bestows his wisdom and divine intellect to man in order for him (man) to attain Nirvana. Frankly speaking, he is seen by many Hindus as the source of hope and aspiration. Besides Ganesha, there are three other gods considered to be good by many Hindus. Durga is a goddess representing the power of the Supreme Being who maintains moral order (Hindu Gods, 2005). In Sanskrit, her name means a ââ¬Å"fort or a place that is protected. â⬠Thus, Durga is known as the Divine Mother. In her arms, she protects the human race from evil by destroying the sources of evil. Like Ganesha, Lakshmi is considered a goddess of good-living and prosperity. In Sanskrit, her name literally means ââ¬Å"goalâ⬠(Hindu Gods, 2005). Thus, she signifies the goals of life. These goals of life can be achieved either in the physical or spiritual realm. Most Hindus pray to her for guidance. Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge, and wisdom. She is often associated with Brahma, the creator of the universe. In Sanskrit, her name means ââ¬Å"the essence of the selfâ⬠(Hindu Gods, 2005). Hinduism puts knowledge on a higher pedestal, being the prerequisite for creation. To the Hindu worshipper, Saraswati provides guidance to humanity in accomplishing their daily tasks. Hindus believe that Saraswati, during the early part of creation, provided man with practical knowledge. This practical knowledge allowed man to create civilizations, far greater than any in the animal kingdom. In Hinduism, there are gods considered to be the source of evil in this world. In Pauranic traditions, Asuras and Devas are the step sons of Kasyapa, an unknown god considered to be the primordial source of evil. They are considered to be demon gods projected as enemies of humanity. The Asuras (this is a group of demon gods) became too proud of their ancestry and power. Thus, the Devas became enraged over the war mongering of the Asuras and decided to punish them. The punishment though was self-serving. The Devas thought by forcing the Asuras to serve them, they would be able to project themselves as rulers of the physical world. This view of the Asuras and Devas was expanded in Iranian mythology. Iranian mythology presented Asur Mazda as the embodiment of good in this world and Devas as the villain. It should be noted though that in Hindu mythology, both the Asuras and the Devas are perceived as demon gods; that is, gods that would take all hope from humanity in the attainment of the Nirvana. The term Asuras, unlike the terminological evolution in Iranian mythology, came to signify in later times (in Hinduism) as the representation of evil; demon itself. In Hinduism, there are gods considered evil precisely because they are perceived to be enemies of the ââ¬Å"good godsâ⬠and humanity in general. Vritra, for example, is a serpent god often called as the ââ¬Å"enemy of the godsâ⬠(The Complete Book of Devils and Demons, 2005). His favorite animal, the serpent, carries the scent of death to those who would call his name. Yama is a Hindu god considered to be the lord of death. His two dogs drag humanity into the fervor of spiritual death; the essence of which is the loss of spiritual transcendence to the Divine Essence. The same is true for Ravana, the Demon King (The Complete Book of Devils and Demons, 2005). He is seen as the incarnation of evil in this world. At times, he would lure humans into his trap, forcing them to pledge loyalty to his evil will. There are also evil creatures considered to be the direct descendants of the evil gods. Kasyapa, the primordial source of evil (and the father of both the Asuras and the Devas) gave birth to the Daityas. These are unpleasant demons who roamed the physical world to destroy manââ¬â¢s sacrifices to the good gods. The good gods are therefore their natural enemies. Kasyapa also gave birth to the Danavas (The Complete Book of Devils and Demons, 2005). These are creatures often disguised as man to motivate man to rebel against the good gods. These creatures (who at times became demon gods) possessed powers of persuasion and bad luck. They often seduce man to covet the properties of the gods and to stop offering sacrifices. Added to that, they also offer their services to the primary ââ¬Å"evil godsâ⬠in their fight against the good gods. The good gods are sometimes forced to seek refuge to other places in order to avoid the rage of these demonic creatures. In the end, however, the good gods succeed in defeating these evil creatures (in alliance with the evil gods). There are also other ââ¬Å"entitiesâ⬠described as evil in the Hindu religion. The Darbas are destructive that ââ¬Å"tearsâ⬠human flesh (hence the name, ââ¬Å"tearersâ⬠). The Rakshasas are goblins and ghouls which descended from the foot of Brahma. They can be titans or as little as a cat that haunt cemeteries and other religious places. They disturb sacrifices, animate the dead, eat people, and spread disease and disorder. These creatures often serve the evil gods in their fight against the good gods. In sum, evil goods in the Hindu religion are either the enemies of the gods and humanity or those which prevent humanity from attaining Nirvana. These gods descended from the three primary gods (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). At times, they trace their ancestry to good gods. This explains the proposition stated earlier that the ââ¬Å"good is the prerequisite of evil. Added to that, some evil Hindu gods (like the Asuras and the Devas) in Hinduism present their identity as the result of perversion on the part of the good gods. Take note that the ââ¬Å"good godsâ⬠are not by nature good. Like in Greek mythology, Hindu gods are often involved in intrigues that affect their functions as gods. At times, even the good gods struggle against each other for supremacy. Only when the threat of evil becomes preeminent, the good Hindu gods join forces to defeat the evil gods. Most of the time, they achieve success. At some time, they flee from the hordes of the evil gods. We come now to the discussion of the primary differences of Hindu gods of good and evil. As stated earlier, the main difference between these gods can be derived from the concept of functionality. Hindu gods of good are represented as the ââ¬Å"good rudimentsâ⬠of nature (and manââ¬â¢s guidance in attaining Nirvana). Hindu gods of evil are essentially the symbols of a corrupt humanity. This corruption is the ultimate obstacle (and often irreversible) of man in attaining Nirvana. There are though specific differences between these sets of deities. Here are as follows: ) Culturally speaking, the Hindu gods of good are often associated with the mystical founders of Hindu civilization (Hemenway, 2003). For example, in the Vedic manuscripts the ancient founders of the Indus civilization are often given divine attributes. These gods are the progenitors of practical and divine knowledge to the people. The evil gods are often associated with the invaders; that is, the barbarians who destroyed the Indus civilization and established the caste system (note that the caste system is functional in the eyes of a Hindu ââ¬â this connotes that evil itself is functional in some ways); ) The good gods are often represented as the symbols of perpetuity and healthy living (Hemenway, 2003). Animals such as the elephant, cow, and rat are associated with the good gods because of their dual symbol of power and humility: the very virtues that humanity adheres to. The evil gods are represented by serpent, monkey (symbol of arrogance and maliciousness), and in some cases the vulture: symbols of decay and corruption of the human spirit. Take note however that these creatures are respected in the Hindu religion because evil is seen as a manifest test of humanity in achieving Nirvana; ) Lastly, the good gods are usually are represented as bringers of justice and love to humanity. The eight arms of Ganesha symbolize love for humanity. The swords loaded to arms of Ganesha symbolize justice and his will to protect humanity from evil powers. The evil gods carry weapons that aim to destroy and misguide humanity. We must though take note that there is no sharp demarcation between good and evil (Abhedananda and Math, 2007). In Vedanta philosophy, there is no such thing as a natural good. Any action can be viewed as either good or bad depending on the one who views it. Thus, it can be said that ââ¬Å"every action, whether backed by good or bad motives, is covered with its opposite, as fire is enveloped with smokeâ⬠(Abhedananda and Math, 2007). Thus to assume that the good gods in the Hindu religion are naturally good is a misconception. It is often noted some ââ¬Å"good godsâ⬠gave birth to evil ones. This instance indicate that evil is the offspring of good. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-33078075117702604312020-01-23T11:16:00.001-08:002020-01-23T11:16:03.657-08:00Social institutions Essay -- essays research papers Throughout the years there have been many social institutions that have made a dramatic impact on society; none more important than families. In todayââ¬â¢s modern industrialized societies, families carry out basic necessities that other social institutions cannot. Different skills such as responsibility can also be acquired from families where it can be applied to everyday life. Furthermore families in the past needed to be the most important social institution to ensure their survival. Since the pre-industrialized era, families are considered the most important social institution because they provide for our basic needs, teach us to acquire new skills, and assure our survival. à à à à à Families in todayââ¬â¢s modern industrialized societies carry out basic necessities that other social institutions are incapable of. In order for more generations of people to come about, protection must be provided for them. Means of protection may include: A safe home, food, money, and clothing until offspring can provide for themselves. Families also regulate reproduction which can also be interpreted as population contribution. Since everybody eventually dies, older members can replace themselves by producing new members in their families and subsequently new members in society. Another necessity that families carry out is the socialization of children. For example: Manners such as please and thank you, and behaviour in public areas are instilled in children at young ages. N... murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-60269408539087016862020-01-15T07:40:00.001-08:002020-01-15T07:40:04.201-08:00Social Interactionââ¬ËSocial Interactionââ¬â¢ Social Interaction: Social Interaction is the foundation of society. Studying social interaction in everyday life sheds light on larger social systems & institutions. It is the building block of the entire Social Order and Social Relations. Definition: Social interaction is the process by which two or more individuals act and react to the people around us. It is the way people talk to each other and how they interact with various structures in society. It also includes the mutual influence of two or more people on each otherââ¬â¢s behavior.Example: Interaction between the members of a family with each other, such as eating, sleeping and even family get-togethers. You will read more examples later in this assignment. Importance of social interaction: The opportunity for social interactions with others is very important for the development of all children. Through social interactions, children begin to establish a sense of ââ¬Å"selfâ⬠and to learn what others expect of them. Although social interactions for very young children primarily occur within the family, as children grow and develop, they become more and more interested in playing and interacting with other children.While playing with others, children learn appropriate social behaviors, such as sharing, cooperating and respecting the property of others. In addition, while interacting with their peers, young children learn communication, cognitive, and motor skills. Children with disabilities and nondisabled children to play together is an extremely important part of instruction in integrated preschools. The children must have the opportunity to play together if they are to become friends. These friendships will help the nondisabled child form positive, accepting attitudes toward persons who are disabled.In addition, the child who is disabled will have the opportunity to learn age-appropriate social skills. Children who learn appropriate social skills often have a higher self-esteem and show a greater willingness to interact with their environment as they grow. Opportunities for social interaction not only enhance development in the early years, but also may be important for the future of the young child who is disabled. The ability to interact competently with is a skill that is required throughout life and may affect future educational and vocational opportunities.Assisting young children who are disabled to learn through positive social interaction with nondisabled children may help them acquire skills from which they will benefit throughout their life. Interacting and playing with peers provides many learning opportunities for young children. In integrated preschool settings, nondisabled children and children with disabilities may need to be encouraged to play together. Social interaction between the two groups of children can be encouraged in a number of different ways.Suggestions for ways to use teacher attention and to structure the c lassroom to promote socially interactive play are discussed below. Teachers and adults can be very effective in promoting social interaction by encouraging children to play together and by praising them when they do. Teachers and other adults also can promote interactions by teaching children specific ways to ask other children to play, to share toys, to take turns, to express affection and to help other children. Assisting children to control their aggressive behavior encourages the formation of friendships.Planning small group activities that require cooperation and sharing motivates socially interactive behavior. For example, painting a mural or making soup as a group encourages children to learn to work together. Being certain that children with disabilities are seated next to nondisabled children makes it easy for the children to interact with and learn from each other. Allowing the child who is disabled to lead activities, pass out materials, and be praised in front of his or her classmates helps the nondisabled child view the child who is disabled as a competent friend.Toys such as blocks, dolls, dress-up clothes, trains, and cars promote social interactions much more than do toys such as beads, clay, puzzles and paints. Providing toys with which the child who is disabled can play competently encourages the children to play together. Limiting the number of toys available and requesting that children play in a small area requires the children to share and engage in the same activity, thereby encouraging social interaction. As you get older and retire or move to a new community, you may not have quite as many opportunities to socialize as you did when you were younger.People who continue to maintain close friendships and find other ways to interact socially live longer than those who become isolated. Relationships and social interactions even help protect against illness by boosting your immune system. The benefits of being social: Specific health benefit s of social interaction in older adults include: * Potentially reduced risk for cardiovascular problems, some cancers, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis * Potentially reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease * Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for mental health issues such as depression Conversely, social isolation carries real risks. Some of these risks are: * Feeling lonely and depressed * Being less physically active * Having a greater risk of death * Having high blood pressure Social interaction helps keep your brain from getting rusty, but it's most effective when coupled with an overall healthy lifestyle, including a nutritious diet and physical activity. Keeping your connections strong: Start by staying in touch with friends and family, and try to visit with them regularly.Here are other ways you can maintain a high level of social interaction: * Volunteer in your community. * Visit a senior center and participate in offered activities with other seniorsââ¬âthis is a gre at way to make new friends. * Join a group focused on activities you enjoy, such as playing cards or a book club. * Try taking a classââ¬âlearn a new language or a new style of cooking or experiment with a new hobby. * Join a gym or fitness center to stay physically fit and engage with others. Find ways to stay young at heart, stimulated, busy and out of the house.Schedule regular visits with grandkids or volunteer at a school or children's organization to enjoy time with little ones and absorb some of their youthful energy. Although staying in touch in person is important, phone calls, snail mail, and e-mail can keep you connected, tooââ¬âif you're not yet comfortable with computers, ask a young relative to help you. Staying socially active and maintaining your relationships are an important part of healthy aging. Reach out to your loved onesââ¬âneighbors, friends, family membersââ¬âand stay as vibrant, active, and social as you've always been. Kinds of social inter action:There are six kinds of social interaction: 1) Cooperation 2) Conflict 3) Competition 4) Accommodation 5) Acculturation 6) Assimilation 1) Cooperation: Green: According to Green, cooperation can be defined as ââ¬Å"The continuous and common endeavor of two or more persons to perform a task or to realize a goal that is commonly cherished. â⬠Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes of social life. Cooperation is that basic form of human interaction in which men strive jointly with each other for a good goal or value. At the same time, cooperation is the most pervasive and continuous of the social processes.It is an integrating activity. It is an associative process which means working together in the pursuit of common interests or common goal. Modes of Cooperation: There are two modes of cooperation in a social life: * Direct cooperation: includes ââ¬Å"those activities in which men do like things togetherâ⬠ââ¬âlike play together, worship together, etc. * Indirect cooperation: is found wherever people perform unlike tasks towards a single end ââ¬â like where there is a division of labor or mass production. Importance: Cooperation is a universal phenomenon.All the progress that mankind has made in various fields is to be attributed to the cooperating spirit of the people. It is so important in the life of an individual that it is difficult to survive without it. Cooperation for human beings is both a psychological and a social necessity. Collective goals in our social life cannot be achieved without cooperation. 2) Conflict: Mac Iver and Page: ââ¬Å"Form of struggle in which ââ¬Å"men contend against one other for any object. â⬠Conflict is as ever-present process in human relations. Conflict is universal and occurs in all places and at all time.There has never been a time or a society in which some individuals or groups did not come into conflict. Social conflict is a struggle between opponents over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources. Conflict therefore, expresses itself in thousands of ways and degrees and over every range of human contact. It is a dissociative process. In conflict, the person or group thwarts injuries or destroys the opponent in order to secure a goal or reward. Darwin states that ââ¬â ââ¬Å"the principles of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest are the main causes of conflict. â⬠Types of Conflict:There are four basic types of conflict: * Man vs. Man: It occurs when a character (some other person) has an argument or disagreement with the other character. * Man vs. Society: It occurs when a man disagrees with a societal values, laws or beliefs. * Man vs. Nature: It occurs when a man has problem with outside forces; weather, animals (like in a TV show ââ¬ËMan vs. Wild'), and land. Etc * Man vs. Self: It occurs when a person develops an internal struggle between his ideas and thoughts. This can be a cause of other conflicts mentioned. Modes of Conflict: There are two modes of conflict: Direct Conflict: The direct conflict is in which people seek to attain some objective by restraining, injuring or destroying one another. Revolution was and street fights are example of direct conflict. * Indirect Conflict: The indirect conflict is in which the people do not restrain or injure other in seeking there ends but manage to attain their own goals which the opponent cannot approach to his goal in any way. It means obstruction in rivals is created. Group opinion is colored against the rival about his aims. Talking ill of others and backbiting are also indirect conflicts.These are the frequently occurring instances in the social life of people. Importance: Conflict generally occurs due to individual differences, cultural differences, clash of interests and social changes. Conflict in its extreme form brings war and destruction of lives and property. Those conflicts which cause wars or may take hostile form may destroy live s and property of the people ââ¬â may cause great negative psychological and moral change. Conflict serves as constructive and positive ends. In corporate conflicts ââ¬â that is, between groups and societies, solidarity and fellow-feelings are increased.Thus we may conclude that all types of conflicts are not harmful to the society because it performs certain positive functions also. Mac Iver therefore, rightly observes that ââ¬â Society is cooperation crossed by conflict. 3) Competition: Competition is the most fundamental form of opposition or social struggle. It is a struggle of two or more persons for the same object which is so limited that all cannot share it. Anderson and Parker: ââ¬Å"Competition is that form of social action in which we strive against each other for the possession of or use of some limited material and non-material good. à In our society, for instance, there is competition for jobs, for goods, power, social position, fame and all other things one cannot get by mere asking. Thus competition goes on an impersonal manner. The eye is on the goal or reward rather than the competitors. Importance: Competition therefore, exists everywhere, but appears in many ways. It varies as to scope, intensity and type from one system to another. It performs many useful functions in our society. Competition tends to stimulate economy, efficiency, and inventiveness.It tends to increase oneââ¬â¢s ego and to give one satisfaction. Since competition rests upon a set of rules, it creates respect for the ruling of the game. 4) Accommodation: If conflict goes on for an indefinite period, our social life becomes unbearable. Hence, attempts are always made for the resolution of conflicts. Accommodation means resolution of conflict by adjusting oneself to the new environment. Mac Iver and Page: ââ¬Å"The term accommodation refers particularly to the process on which man attains a sense of harmony with his environment. â⬠Ogburn and Nimkoff: Accommodation is a term used by sociologists to describe the adjustment of hostile individuals or groupsâ⬠. Accommodation is the term used by the sociologists to describe the process by those once in conflicts who can work together in common enterprises. It brings arrangements which permit groups to work together. A structure of interdependent roles arises and organizes people in ways which permit them to live and Act in spite of differences in latent hostility. Thus, the social order arises through the process of accommodation. Accommodation is thus, the basis of all social organizations. Importance:The term ââ¬Ëaccommodation' refers to several sorts of working agreements between rival groups that permit at least limited cooperation between them even though the issues dividing them remain unsettled. It does not technically end the conflict, but holds it in abeyance. The accommodation may last for only a short time and may be for the purpose of allowing the conflicting part ies to consolidate their positions and to prepare for further conflict. Or, as is more often the case, the initial accommodation agreed upon by the parties may be part of the process of seeking solutions to the issues that divide them.If those solutions are not found, the accommodation itself may become permanent. 5) Acculturation: Acculturation is defined as, ââ¬Å"Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. â⬠Although acculturation is usually in the direction of a minority group adopting habits and language patterns of the dominant group, acculturation can be reciprocalââ¬âthat is, the dominant group also adopts patterns typical of the minority group. Importance:This term is used to describe both the process of contacts between different cultures and also the customs of such contacts. As the process of contact between cultures, acculturation may involve either direct social interaction or exposure t o other cultures by means of the mass media of communication. As the outcome of such contact, acculturation refers to the assimilation by one group of the culture of another which modifies the existing culture and so changes group identity. There may be a tension between old and new cultures which leads to the adapting of the new as well as the old. ) Assimilation: Assimilation is the process whereby persons and groups acquire the culture of the other persons and groups in which they come to liveà ââ¬â by adopting its attitudes and values and its way of life. Assimilation is the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society. Young and Mack: ââ¬Å"Assimilation is a slow and a gradual processâ⬠. It takes time. For example, immigrants take time to get assimilated with majority group. Assimilation is concerned with the absorption and incorporation of the culture by another.Assimilation is therefore, another form of interaction which cannot be neglected in t he social process. But the same time, the extreme differences in cultural background, prejudice and physical differences usually Act as barriers to assimilation. Importance: The term ââ¬Ëassimilation' again is in general use, being applied most often to the process whereby large numbers of migrants from Europe were absorbed into the American population during the 19th and the early part of the 20th century. The assimilation of immigrants was a dramatic and highly visible set of events and illustrates the process well.There are other types of assimilation, however, and there are aspects of the assimilation of European migrants that might be put in propositional form. First, assimilation is a two-way process. Second, assimilation of groups as well as individuals takes place. Third some assimilation probably occurs in all lasting interpersonal situations. Fourth, assimilation is often incomplete and creates adjustment problems for individuals. And, fifth, assimilation does not proce ed equally rapidly and equally effectively in all inter-group situations fusion or blending of two previously distinct groups into one. Social Interaction ââ¬ËSocial Interactionââ¬â¢ Social Interaction: Social Interaction is the foundation of society. Studying social interaction in everyday life sheds light on larger social systems & institutions. It is the building block of the entire Social Order and Social Relations. Definition: Social interaction is the process by which two or more individuals act and react to the people around us. It is the way people talk to each other and how they interact with various structures in society. It also includes the mutual influence of two or more people on each otherââ¬â¢s behavior.Example: Interaction between the members of a family with each other, such as eating, sleeping and even family get-togethers. You will read more examples later in this assignment. Importance of social interaction: The opportunity for social interactions with others is very important for the development of all children. Through social interactions, children begin to establish a sense of ââ¬Å"selfâ⬠and to learn what others expect of them. Although social interactions for very young children primarily occur within the family, as children grow and develop, they become more and more interested in playing and interacting with other children.While playing with others, children learn appropriate social behaviors, such as sharing, cooperating and respecting the property of others. In addition, while interacting with their peers, young children learn communication, cognitive, and motor skills. Children with disabilities and nondisabled children to play together is an extremely important part of instruction in integrated preschools. The children must have the opportunity to play together if they are to become friends. These friendships will help the nondisabled child form positive, accepting attitudes toward persons who are disabled.In addition, the child who is disabled will have the opportunity to learn age-appropriate social skills. Children who learn appropriate social skills often have a higher self-esteem and show a greater willingness to interact with their environment as they grow. Opportunities for social interaction not only enhance development in the early years, but also may be important for the future of the young child who is disabled. The ability to interact competently with is a skill that is required throughout life and may affect future educational and vocational opportunities.Assisting young children who are disabled to learn through positive social interaction with nondisabled children may help them acquire skills from which they will benefit throughout their life. Interacting and playing with peers provides many learning opportunities for young children. In integrated preschool settings, nondisabled children and children with disabilities may need to be encouraged to play together. Social interaction between the two groups of children can be encouraged in a number of different ways.Suggestions for ways to use teacher attention and to structure the c lassroom to promote socially interactive play are discussed below. Teachers and adults can be very effective in promoting social interaction by encouraging children to play together and by praising them when they do. Teachers and other adults also can promote interactions by teaching children specific ways to ask other children to play, to share toys, to take turns, to express affection and to help other children. Assisting children to control their aggressive behavior encourages the formation of friendships.Planning small group activities that require cooperation and sharing motivates socially interactive behavior. For example, painting a mural or making soup as a group encourages children to learn to work together. Being certain that children with disabilities are seated next to nondisabled children makes it easy for the children to interact with and learn from each other. Allowing the child who is disabled to lead activities, pass out materials, and be praised in front of his or her classmates helps the nondisabled child view the child who is disabled as a competent friend.Toys such as blocks, dolls, dress-up clothes, trains, and cars promote social interactions much more than do toys such as beads, clay, puzzles and paints. Providing toys with which the child who is disabled can play competently encourages the children to play together. Limiting the number of toys available and requesting that children play in a small area requires the children to share and engage in the same activity, thereby encouraging social interaction. As you get older and retire or move to a new community, you may not have quite as many opportunities to socialize as you did when you were younger.People who continue to maintain close friendships and find other ways to interact socially live longer than those who become isolated. Relationships and social interactions even help protect against illness by boosting your immune system. The benefits of being social: Specific health benefit s of social interaction in older adults include: * Potentially reduced risk for cardiovascular problems, some cancers, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis * Potentially reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease * Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for mental health issues such as depression Conversely, social isolation carries real risks. Some of these risks are: * Feeling lonely and depressed * Being less physically active * Having a greater risk of death * Having high blood pressure Social interaction helps keep your brain from getting rusty, but it's most effective when coupled with an overall healthy lifestyle, including a nutritious diet and physical activity. Keeping your connections strong: Start by staying in touch with friends and family, and try to visit with them regularly.Here are other ways you can maintain a high level of social interaction: * Volunteer in your community. * Visit a senior center and participate in offered activities with other seniorsââ¬âthis is a gre at way to make new friends. * Join a group focused on activities you enjoy, such as playing cards or a book club. * Try taking a classââ¬âlearn a new language or a new style of cooking or experiment with a new hobby. * Join a gym or fitness center to stay physically fit and engage with others. Find ways to stay young at heart, stimulated, busy and out of the house.Schedule regular visits with grandkids or volunteer at a school or children's organization to enjoy time with little ones and absorb some of their youthful energy. Although staying in touch in person is important, phone calls, snail mail, and e-mail can keep you connected, tooââ¬âif you're not yet comfortable with computers, ask a young relative to help you. Staying socially active and maintaining your relationships are an important part of healthy aging. Reach out to your loved onesââ¬âneighbors, friends, family membersââ¬âand stay as vibrant, active, and social as you've always been. Kinds of social inter action:There are six kinds of social interaction: 1) Cooperation 2) Conflict 3) Competition 4) Accommodation 5) Acculturation 6) Assimilation 1) Cooperation: Green: According to Green, cooperation can be defined as ââ¬Å"The continuous and common endeavor of two or more persons to perform a task or to realize a goal that is commonly cherished. â⬠Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes of social life. Cooperation is that basic form of human interaction in which men strive jointly with each other for a good goal or value. At the same time, cooperation is the most pervasive and continuous of the social processes.It is an integrating activity. It is an associative process which means working together in the pursuit of common interests or common goal. Modes of Cooperation: There are two modes of cooperation in a social life: * Direct cooperation: includes ââ¬Å"those activities in which men do like things togetherâ⬠ââ¬âlike play together, worship together, etc. * Indirect cooperation: is found wherever people perform unlike tasks towards a single end ââ¬â like where there is a division of labor or mass production. Importance: Cooperation is a universal phenomenon.All the progress that mankind has made in various fields is to be attributed to the cooperating spirit of the people. It is so important in the life of an individual that it is difficult to survive without it. Cooperation for human beings is both a psychological and a social necessity. Collective goals in our social life cannot be achieved without cooperation. 2) Conflict: Mac Iver and Page: ââ¬Å"Form of struggle in which ââ¬Å"men contend against one other for any object. â⬠Conflict is as ever-present process in human relations. Conflict is universal and occurs in all places and at all time.There has never been a time or a society in which some individuals or groups did not come into conflict. Social conflict is a struggle between opponents over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources. Conflict therefore, expresses itself in thousands of ways and degrees and over every range of human contact. It is a dissociative process. In conflict, the person or group thwarts injuries or destroys the opponent in order to secure a goal or reward. Darwin states that ââ¬â ââ¬Å"the principles of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest are the main causes of conflict. â⬠Types of Conflict:There are four basic types of conflict: * Man vs. Man: It occurs when a character (some other person) has an argument or disagreement with the other character. * Man vs. Society: It occurs when a man disagrees with a societal values, laws or beliefs. * Man vs. Nature: It occurs when a man has problem with outside forces; weather, animals (like in a TV show ââ¬ËMan vs. Wild'), and land. Etc * Man vs. Self: It occurs when a person develops an internal struggle between his ideas and thoughts. This can be a cause of other conflicts mentioned. Modes of Conflict: There are two modes of conflict: Direct Conflict: The direct conflict is in which people seek to attain some objective by restraining, injuring or destroying one another. Revolution was and street fights are example of direct conflict. * Indirect Conflict: The indirect conflict is in which the people do not restrain or injure other in seeking there ends but manage to attain their own goals which the opponent cannot approach to his goal in any way. It means obstruction in rivals is created. Group opinion is colored against the rival about his aims. Talking ill of others and backbiting are also indirect conflicts.These are the frequently occurring instances in the social life of people. Importance: Conflict generally occurs due to individual differences, cultural differences, clash of interests and social changes. Conflict in its extreme form brings war and destruction of lives and property. Those conflicts which cause wars or may take hostile form may destroy live s and property of the people ââ¬â may cause great negative psychological and moral change. Conflict serves as constructive and positive ends. In corporate conflicts ââ¬â that is, between groups and societies, solidarity and fellow-feelings are increased.Thus we may conclude that all types of conflicts are not harmful to the society because it performs certain positive functions also. Mac Iver therefore, rightly observes that ââ¬â Society is cooperation crossed by conflict. 3) Competition: Competition is the most fundamental form of opposition or social struggle. It is a struggle of two or more persons for the same object which is so limited that all cannot share it. Anderson and Parker: ââ¬Å"Competition is that form of social action in which we strive against each other for the possession of or use of some limited material and non-material good. à In our society, for instance, there is competition for jobs, for goods, power, social position, fame and all other things one cannot get by mere asking. Thus competition goes on an impersonal manner. The eye is on the goal or reward rather than the competitors. Importance: Competition therefore, exists everywhere, but appears in many ways. It varies as to scope, intensity and type from one system to another. It performs many useful functions in our society. Competition tends to stimulate economy, efficiency, and inventiveness.It tends to increase oneââ¬â¢s ego and to give one satisfaction. Since competition rests upon a set of rules, it creates respect for the ruling of the game. 4) Accommodation: If conflict goes on for an indefinite period, our social life becomes unbearable. Hence, attempts are always made for the resolution of conflicts. Accommodation means resolution of conflict by adjusting oneself to the new environment. Mac Iver and Page: ââ¬Å"The term accommodation refers particularly to the process on which man attains a sense of harmony with his environment. â⬠Ogburn and Nimkoff: Accommodation is a term used by sociologists to describe the adjustment of hostile individuals or groupsâ⬠. Accommodation is the term used by the sociologists to describe the process by those once in conflicts who can work together in common enterprises. It brings arrangements which permit groups to work together. A structure of interdependent roles arises and organizes people in ways which permit them to live and Act in spite of differences in latent hostility. Thus, the social order arises through the process of accommodation. Accommodation is thus, the basis of all social organizations. Importance:The term ââ¬Ëaccommodation' refers to several sorts of working agreements between rival groups that permit at least limited cooperation between them even though the issues dividing them remain unsettled. It does not technically end the conflict, but holds it in abeyance. The accommodation may last for only a short time and may be for the purpose of allowing the conflicting part ies to consolidate their positions and to prepare for further conflict. Or, as is more often the case, the initial accommodation agreed upon by the parties may be part of the process of seeking solutions to the issues that divide them.If those solutions are not found, the accommodation itself may become permanent. 5) Acculturation: Acculturation is defined as, ââ¬Å"Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. â⬠Although acculturation is usually in the direction of a minority group adopting habits and language patterns of the dominant group, acculturation can be reciprocalââ¬âthat is, the dominant group also adopts patterns typical of the minority group. Importance:This term is used to describe both the process of contacts between different cultures and also the customs of such contacts. As the process of contact between cultures, acculturation may involve either direct social interaction or exposure t o other cultures by means of the mass media of communication. As the outcome of such contact, acculturation refers to the assimilation by one group of the culture of another which modifies the existing culture and so changes group identity. There may be a tension between old and new cultures which leads to the adapting of the new as well as the old. ) Assimilation: Assimilation is the process whereby persons and groups acquire the culture of the other persons and groups in which they come to liveà ââ¬â by adopting its attitudes and values and its way of life. Assimilation is the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society. Young and Mack: ââ¬Å"Assimilation is a slow and a gradual processâ⬠. It takes time. For example, immigrants take time to get assimilated with majority group. Assimilation is concerned with the absorption and incorporation of the culture by another.Assimilation is therefore, another form of interaction which cannot be neglected in t he social process. But the same time, the extreme differences in cultural background, prejudice and physical differences usually Act as barriers to assimilation. Importance: The term ââ¬Ëassimilation' again is in general use, being applied most often to the process whereby large numbers of migrants from Europe were absorbed into the American population during the 19th and the early part of the 20th century. The assimilation of immigrants was a dramatic and highly visible set of events and illustrates the process well.There are other types of assimilation, however, and there are aspects of the assimilation of European migrants that might be put in propositional form. First, assimilation is a two-way process. Second, assimilation of groups as well as individuals takes place. Third some assimilation probably occurs in all lasting interpersonal situations. Fourth, assimilation is often incomplete and creates adjustment problems for individuals. And, fifth, assimilation does not proce ed equally rapidly and equally effectively in all inter-group situations fusion or blending of two previously distinct groups into one. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-30622268821671182942020-01-07T04:02:00.001-08:002020-01-07T04:02:06.651-08:00Communication Strategy in Pastoral Counseling - 2804 Words CS in PC 1 Communication Strategy; Use in Pastoral Counseling Rosa Menchen COMM 200 Instructor B. Matts May 24, 2010 CT in PC 2 I not only plan on furthering my career, but attending post graduate school, and obtain a MDiv. My ultimate goal is to become a health care chaplain, and/or an emergency chaplain. Having previous experience in the health care field, as well as a chaplaincy in the American Legion for several years, I have found that pursuit of this goal would not only be of benefit for me, and my family, but also for the people I will eventually have contact with. All too often I have found that people from all walks of life have faced tremendous trials at the least expected times. During these times ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This is also the type of listening used to obtain directions such as specific instructions, (Hybels Weaver, 2007). The next type of listening is critical listening. This is the type of listening required to asses facts and distinguish them from opinions. This seems to be the primary type of listening used in the initial assessment of a clientââ¬â¢s needs. The initial motive behind a personââ¬â¢s complaints or problems must be determined and separated from any emotional aspect of a situation. The true meaning of a personââ¬â¢s problem or complaint must be challenged and questioned until an actual baseline is achieved. The revelation of truth is a primary goal in counseling, as it must come first before any plan of action can be made, (Hybels Weaver, 2007), (Collins, 2007), (DeLashmunt, Glover Patch, 2010). The truth involves not just the clientââ¬â¢s situation, but the actual view of the counselor. The counselor must be aware of the truth of his/her own belief systems, prejudices, and objectivity, or lack thereof. Only then can a counselor be effective, (DeLashmut, Glover Patch, 2010). I believe that the most important type of listening is empathetic listening. This style of listening is characterized by identifying with the storyteller, as they tell their story, identifying with the emotional responses of the storyteller, listening attentively to the story and then paraphrasing the CT in PC 5 emotion or thoughts of the story teller to insureShow MoreRelatedGoal 1 : Effective Practice Of Communication888 Words à |à 4 PagesGoal 1: Effective Practice of Communication Description: My goals for the practicum, first are to develop the ministerial skills that will allow me the opportunity to practice effectively as a healthcare chaplain. Second my goal is to effectively communicate with my patients and their family members, or significant others. Third my desire is to experience and develop a professional collegiality which will enable me to undergo a spiritual transformation. Objective 1: Observation: January 11,Read MoreFinal Project Essay7836 Words à |à 32 PagesSOLUTION-BLESSED BRIEF PASTORAL COUNSELING PROJECT by Amy Tahran L22263350 Presented to John Hobbs, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for PACO 500 Introduction to Pastoral Counseling Liberty Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA 12 August 2011 ABSTRACT For this project, I am placing myself in a hypothetical context as a staff pastoral counselor at my home church in Valley City, ND, serving a congregation of approximately 200. 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My overarchingRead MoreToward Intentional Interviewing and Counseling1652 Words à |à 7 PagesInterviewing and Counseling INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE ââ¬Å"CORRECTâ⬠RESPONSE TO OFFER A CLIENT? * There are many potentially useful responses in any interviewing situation. * Reflecting the clientââ¬â¢s emotions can be helpful. * Selecting one aspect to focus on can be useful, and then later you can examine other dimensions by asking an open question. * Our tasks: * Respect the client * Use appropriate skills and strategies * Seek to alleviate stress INTERVIEWING, COUNSELING, AND PSYCHOTHERAPYRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Family Therapy1629 Words à |à 7 Pagessociocultural influences on the problems of communication. 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When management who do not appear to valueRead MorePACO 500 Identity And Ethics LAT 2 Revised Essay3666 Words à |à 15 Pagesï » ¿ PASTORAL COUNSELORââ¬â¢S IDENTITY AND ETHICS PAPER Lisa A. Thomas Liberty University CONTENTS Abstract 2 Paradigm for Identity and Ethical Boundariesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.4 Potential for Professional Partnerships ...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦6 An Organizations Ethical Guidelines â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.7 Pre-Counseling Packageâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 8 Conclusionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 10 References 10 Appendixâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦11 Rubricâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Read MoreCase Analysis : Crisis Counseling2024 Words à |à 9 PagesTo be honest, I have had no formal training in counseling. In fact, because of an unproductive experience in a psychology class in college, I have not been looking forward to attending class. I was content with just using common sense, and personal experiences to assist parishioners in coping with specific situations affecting their lives. I knew God had prepared me for my job as pastor, but when I read Webbââ¬â¢s book, ââ¬Å"Crisis Counseling in the Congregationâ⬠, I realized that this book would proveRead MoreFactors Affecting Students in Terms of Comprehension and Literature1495 Words à |à 6 Pagesexperience the kind of challenges issued by life. Existential Therapy provides an opportunity to explore the world including the dreams, fantasies and spiritual dimensions of our existence. Talking about it helps to identify dilemmas, develop a strategy to deal with them and then grow from the experience. Irvin David Yalom,à M.D.à (born June 13, 1931), is an Americanà existentialà psychiatristà who is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry atà Stanford University, as well as author of both fiction and nonfictionRead MoreEssay on Working Manual for Counselors and Pastors1965 Words à |à 8 PagesPREFACE The Code of Ethics is envisioned to edify the body of Christ and is intended to be a living Pastoral tool that helps shape our character as we confer with help-seekers in their life destiny with Christ Jesus-the living Head of the Church. This book is for professional people helpers like Counselors, Guidance counselors, Christian School psychologists, Pastoral Counselors, Pastoral care givers, NursesPastors, youth pastors, Deacons, Elders- and other professionals who interact/ intervene murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-69499141922485110772019-12-30T00:28:00.001-08:002019-12-30T00:28:03.422-08:00Human Behavior And The Way Humans Function - 1732 Words To draw conclusions about human behavior and the way humans function, personality theory uses a distinct perspective. Behaviorists essentially focus on an individualââ¬â¢s behavior, and how environment affects that behavior. In the case of Ms. Smith, she has experienced cognitive decline for the past five years, as well as a change in personality and behavior within the past year. Ms. Smith struggles with remembering responsibilities such as paying bills and other mundane activities; she has difficulty staying attentive and a tendency to misplace possessions. She is under the delusion that people are out to get her. A therapeutic diagnosis to Ms. Smithââ¬â¢s condition could possibly suggest that she suffers from schizophrenia, clinical depression or simply a disconnect with others. Behaviorists believe environmental factors play a big role in the evolution of a person, suggesting that a learned behavior can be unlearned. Ms. Smithââ¬â¢s illness must be interpreted as a resul t of maladaptive learning; root causes do not reflect symptoms such as hers. A behaviorist would primarily focus on Ms. Smithââ¬â¢s physical symptoms, such as her poor balance, difficulty coordinating movements, and inability to drive. Her overall behavior has radicalized, she has developed an abnormal behavior towards others and with herself causes an imbalance in her ability to physically do things, including the simplest tasks. Her physical symptoms are the result of her psychological psyche which involvesShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : An Optimizing Role For Shaping Organizational And Employee Behavior Essay1576 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction The primary function of Human Resource Management is increasing the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organizationââ¬â¢s goals and objectives. For attaining the goals of the organization, the employees need to work effectively and perform at their best. To get appropriate outcome, the human resource department considers aspects like, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, human resource developmentRead MoreEssay on Understanding Consciousness1728 Words à |à 7 PagesUnderstanding Consciousness This paper encompasses an analysis of physiological psychology, the relationship between the human nervous system and behavior, and an evaluation of historical figures in the field of physiological psychology The Biopsychological Approach to Understanding Consciousness The process of understanding awareness can be complex. Understanding that there are different spectrums of consciousness and that each type represents different principles is the best approach to understandingRead MoreNatural Sciences And Human Sciences1560 Words à |à 7 PagesK nowledgecan be defined in different ways, as noted by the Oxford dictionary, ââ¬Å"knowledge is the understanding of facts, information or skills acquired through experience and education , such as learning, communication, reasoning and discovering new abilitiesâ⬠. Even though at first some areas of knowledge sought to either transform or describe the world, nowadays they do both an example of this are natural sciences. Years ago science was trying to describe how the world around us worked, but thanksRead MoreComputer Vs. Artificial Intelligence926 Words à |à 4 PagesHumans and computers both originate from man whether it be biologically or mechanically. Both humans and computers A man can have a plethora of children and also build a computer. As both his Both computers and man are a creation of man. When faced with a problem, human and computers seem to come to a solution in similar ways. In both cases, information is ââ¬Å"placedâ⬠in humans and computers by other humans. However, knowing information does not making a single being intelligence, understanding andRead MoreFree Will And The Science Of The Brain1247 Words à |à 5 Pagesin Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brainâ⬠. The author has made several points about the topic and has shared some researchers which either proves that the point is right or shows that it is quite wrong. However, his main argument is that human beings have been made believe the fact that their minds control the functioning of the whole body and all their thought process, as well as all the things they do, is not the correct assumption. 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It was not until the late nineteenth century that psychological research was considered as its own scientific discipline. Psychology began in 1879 when a man named Wilhelm Wundt set up a psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. This laboratory would be considered the birthRead MoreThe Theory By Charles Darwin Theory1371 Words à |à 6 Pages which triggered the development of Maslowââ¬â¢s need hierarchy theory. This theory is based on human needs, thoughts and the desire to be accepted and fit in society. In this theory, Maslow organizes needs in hierarchical from lower to higher order. The philosopher believed that once a lower need has been satisfied it ceases to motivate the preceding need, therefore changing how a person reacts and functions daily. (Maslow, 1974). The next higher need activates and becomes a motivating factor to achieveRead MoreUniversal Ethics Is It Nature Vs. Nurture999 Words à |à 4 Pagesit nature vs. nurture? Do we act the way we do in light of the fact that and simply because of the chemical responses in our brains? On the other hand, is it results of the way our parents/guardians have raised us and our friends/associates have affected our behavior in some way shape or form? Michael Gazzaniga, a professor of psychology, concluded that it is possible that our brains are predisposed and that we donââ¬â¢t have free will. Ethics are rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morallyRead MoreFoundations of Psychology771 Words à |à 4 Pagesinvolving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. There is some tension between scientific psychology (with its program of empirical res earch) and applied psychology (dealing with a number of areas). Psychologists attempt to explain the mind and brain in the context of real life. In contrast neurologists utilize a physiological approach. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychology also refers murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-92164869174334968742019-12-21T20:14:00.001-08:002019-12-21T20:14:03.642-08:00The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1653 Words CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Societies have been devastated by a number of epidemiological outbreaks, but few diseases have been as antagonistic as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The global transmission of this disease has been perpetuated by the ease of long distance travel and immigration (Magis-Rodriguez, 2004; Xu et al., 2014). Throughout the past 35 years the course of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as patterns of immigration, have changed immensely. Given the increase in both HIV and immigration, specifically in North Carolina (NC), this dissertation will focus mostly on changes, concerns, and strengths pertaining to the screening and treatment for HIV among Latino immigrants in NC. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦as a whole during these years (between 13% and 15%) (Terrazas Batalova, 2010). But immigration would wax and wane with economic circumstances, both in the U.S. and in foreign countries. As conditions deteriorated in some ar eas of the globe, and labor needs increased here in the U.S., immigration was a convenient answer to a dynamic situation (Bankston, 2007). By the late 1930ââ¬â¢s, the economic situation in Mexico was worsening and employment was difficult to secure (Mexican Immigrant Labor History, retrieved 2014). When the U.S. entered WWII in 1942, there was another call from the agricultural industry for immigrant laborers (Mexican Immigrant Labor History, retrieved 2014). This initiated the Bracero Program which offered contract employment to Mexican men, and laborers to U.S. farmers, and became the precursor to later Mexico-U.S. migration (Philip, 2006). Latinos did not come exclusively from Mexico, but some migrated from countries south of the Mexican border, entering the U.S. illegally, and were presumed to have entered the U.S. through Mexico (Bankston, 2007). When the program officially ended in 1964, many of the migrant workers remained in the country unauthorized (Philip, 2006), a nd eventually migrated to southern states that offered economic opportunity, including NC (Bankston, 2007). Today, many Latino immigrants are choosing to make NC their home (Weeks, Weeks, murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-35031729039159044522019-12-13T16:45:00.001-08:002019-12-13T16:45:03.786-08:00Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies Free Essays Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies Timothy B. Ashby Devry University Leadership and Organizational Behavior GM 591 Professor Faggione January 26, 2011 Introduction Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies Lexington Country Place is a rehabilitation and long-term care facility that is owned and operated by Five Star Incorporated. Five Star is a relatively new corporation that has made great strides in promoting excellence in the care and rehabilitation of those in need of nursing care that extends beyond acute hospitalization. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now LCP has had a long-standing reputation of excellence in the Lexington, Kentucky community. Over a period of the past two years that reputation declined as a result of several factors but primarily because of ineffective leadership. My role at LCP is the evening shift RN House Supervisor. Some of my responsibilities include effectively handling any problems that may arise during the 3-11 shift. These problems may include making adjustments in staffing, assisting with admissions, public relation concerns, and using effective nursing assessment skills and making decisions that insure the safety and care of the residents at LCP. The current Director of Nursing, Angela Staiano, RN, BSN, has a proven track record of being an effective leader with a history of improving the quality of long-term care facilities. She was offered and accepted the position of DON at LCP several months ago following a state inspection in which LCP was noted as having several deficiencies. Since inspections are a matter of public record and customers are able to make comparisons with competitors, LCP had a decrease in its census. Problem Identification The problem being addressed in this paper is how ineffective leadership resulted in a decrease in the resident population, a complacent staff who were not committed to providing high standards of care, and as a result, a decreased profit for the organization. The lack of profitability affects not only the corporate center, but also affects the organizationââ¬â¢s ability to make improvements to the facility, provide adequate resources to the residents, and to pay wages comparable with competitors in order to retain good employees. Shermerhorn (2010) writes that ââ¬Å"organizations depend for their success on day-to-day decisions made by (leaders). The quality of these decisions influences both the long-term performance of an organization and its day-to-day characterââ¬âin the eyes of employees, customers, and society at large. The problems at LCP directly resulted from poor decisions that were made of ineffective leaders. Literature Review An search on EBSChost for the phrase ââ¬Å"effective leaderhipâ⬠resulted in 6373 results. The term ââ¬Å"leadership traitsâ⬠resulted in 718 results. A combination of the previous terms ââ¬Å"effective leadership traitsâ⬠provided too narrow a parameter with only nine research articles. A search for ââ¬Å"types of leadersâ⬠generated 787 articles. ââ¬Å"Leadership pathsâ⬠located 151 results. A search for ââ¬Å"organizational leadership behaviorsâ⬠generated 23 results which defined a reasonable search parameter with adequate research articles to support this paper. How to cite Effective Leadership Traits in Correcting Organizational Deficiencies, Papers murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-68009422040423241382019-12-05T13:05:00.001-08:002019-12-05T13:05:05.032-08:00Learning and Development Strategy of Red Telecom Communications Question: Discuss about the Learning and Development Strategy of Red Telecom Communications. Answer: Introduction In this report, a case study analysis will be made on the Red Telecom communications. The basic background of the organization along with the problems and how to resolve such problems with the help of the training will also be explained. The learning and the development for the intervention will also be clearly analysed along with the research of the different competencies in thee Australian market. The main aim of this report is to apply the different theoretical concepts of the L D in the analysis of the Red Telecom communication of Australia. Background of the organization The Red Telecom is an Australian organization that is well known for the different residential and the business sectors (Kunasegaran et al. 2015). The organization sells a wide range of web hosting, fibre optic internet, high speed broadband and home products. Lately, the organization underwent a restructure that has its customer service and technical divisions. Slowly the organization spread globally and out of its jurisdictions in Australia. Through different training in the cultural and the technical fields the organization has expelled in its international market. The technical division along with the customer resolution department made different levels in this organization and that slowly prospered. Later due to some internal problem in the Red Telecom organization their policies and the time-line was revised (Tiwari 2014). Analysis The basic reason to provide the development and the learning is to make sure that the employees of the orgnization carry out their roles in a proper way. Some of the training like in the cultural fields and other fields like the safety and the occupational issues are somewhat mandatory in this Red Telecom organization (Griggs et al. 2014). This organisation is very keen about its improvements in the fields of efficiency, profitability and productivity that is move beyond the mandatory training and look at more diverse learning and development activity. Development and Learning can be regarded as the source for the various competitive advantages, from where the employees has gained appropriate knowledge and skills, that is a strong argument to invest in their employees so that the benefits can be reaped (McCauley-Smith 2017). The provision for the development and the learning opportunity does not mean that the Red Telecom will become more effective and productive. There is a need to make the opportunity more appropriate in terms of the content that needs to be delivered in the add value of the employees and their organisation (Ahmad 2016). The learning and the development activity needs to be delivered in a very practical way that has practical benefits in their workplace as well. Many of the organisations just like the Red Telecom can recognize their value for providing the appropriate development and learning provision that supports the accreditations that includes the investors that is highly desirable. Prospective employees are enticed to go through the provisions that has a wide range for the development of the opportunity (Murthy 2015). Literature review The adult learning is a theory that is a synonymn for the Andragogy (Roberts and Sambrook 2014). There are few characteristics that is based on the adult learning that is quite different from the assumptions that are about the child learners. The self concept, readiness towards learning, adult learning experience and their orientation towards learning are some of the major characteristics which when adopted by the employees can make improve the quality of work in the organization that will eventually build the name of the organization. Sheehan, Garavan and Carbery (2014) stated that the training is required to be effective and worthwhile rather than the organisation developing various influencial strategies. This is consistent with almost a wide range of literature that accepts the training as the most important and recognized way in the evaluation of the key issues that is made worth to be proven. Rao, Narayana and Murty (2014) suggested that there is a need for the organisations to focus on the areas of the development and the learning process that will be made in order to reach the potential. These are not limited only to the Red Communication of Australia but all parts of the world. The importance of the training can be viewed through various relationships with the stakeholders, Slowly with time the people matures and their perspectives change from one application of the knowledge to their immediacy of the application. In this case of the Red Telecom the result is that the employees orientation towards the learning shifts from one subject to another that makes the centered ness as the subject to one of its major problem (Trehan and Rigg 2015). Competencies The Red Communications is one of the major Communication company that is operated and owned by James Ryan, a leading business man in retail marketing strategy (Sheehan, Garavan and Carbery 2014). The core competencies revolves around the other telecommunication organisations that has the process and the value chain of the other retailers. The biggest few issues that has been faced by the Red Communications, one of the leading leadership retailer is that it needs to make a drive for growth. The growing costs and the flat revenues are not completely sustainable to each other (Gibb and Wallace 2014). Literature gap The role of the training in the learning and the development can be considered as an very effective part of the system that has begun with the comprehensive training in their way for identification of the specific needs. Through a very careful identification of these needs, it can be said that the gap exists in the knowledge and the skills and use of the appropriate interventions while addressing these gaps (Jaiswal and Singh 2014). The process of the training needs analysis that can be in various forms, so that that an individual level can be discussed as a part of their performance management process (Rao 2014). This can be a discrete activity that has their own right in driving from the other organisational data. The rapid use of the staff surveys of an organisation as an example for the use of the data in making a specific area about their requiring development. There is a requirement for the attention in the training (Fuller and Unwin 2016). The training needs a complete analysis process that has a close link with the learning and the development objectives of the programs that are eventually considered a part of their training and analysis process. Conclusion From the above report, it can be stated that a complete analysis of the Red communications of Australia has been made that includes the Learning and the Development strategy. The learning and the Development strategies that includes the training has been used along with that its literature gap has also been stated. At the end, the training can be considered ass an essential part that will help the organisation through various influential ways that is beneficial to the name and long run of the Red Communications. References Fuller, A. and Unwin, L., 2016. Applying an Apprenticeship Approach to HRD: Why the Concepts of Occupation, Identity and the Organisation of Workplace Learning Still Matter. InHuman Resource Management, Innovation and Performance(pp. 66-79). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Rao, T.V., 2014.HRD audit: Evaluating the human resource function for business improvement. SAGE Publications India. Gibb, S. and Wallace, M., 2014. Soul mates or odd couples? Alignment theory and HRD.European Journal of Training and Development,38(4), pp.286-301. Jaiswal, A. and Singh, A.P., 2014. Role of HRD climate in organisational effectiveness Indian organisation. Sheehan, M., Garavan, T.N. and Carbery, R., 2014. Innovation and human resource development (HRD).European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), pp.2-14. Trehan, K. and Rigg, C., 2015. Critical action learning research; opportunities and challenges for HRD research and practice.Handbook of research methods on human resource development, p.155. Rao, S.A., Narayana, M.S. and Murty, T.N., 2014. Human resources development system in changing global environment-a challenging task.Abhinav-National Monthly Refereed Journal Of Research In Commerce Management (Online ISSN 2277-1166),3(1), pp.40-45. Kunasegaran, M., Kunasegaran, M., Ismail, M., Ismail, M., Mohd Rasdi, R., Mohd Rasdi, R., Arif Ismail, I., Arif Ismail, I., Ramayah, T. and Ramayah, T., 2016. Talent development environment and workplace adaptation: The mediating effects of organisational support.European Journal of Training and Development,40(6), pp.370-389. Sheehan, M., N. Garavan, T. and Carbery, R., 2014. Sustainability, corporate social responsibility and HRD.European Journal of Training and Development,38(5), pp.370-386. Roberts, G. and Sambrook, S., 2014. Social networking and HRD.Human Resource Development International,17(5), pp.577-587. Murthy, P.V.R., 2015. A study of HRD practices and their impact on organisational culture. Ahmad, M.K., 2016. Organizational Sustenance through HRD and Participative Strategies.International Journal of Multifaceted and Multilingual Studies,3(2). McCauley-Smith, C., 2017. Book review: HRD, OD, and institution building: Essays in memory of Udai Pareek. Griggs, V.M., McLaren, D., Nixon, B. and Smith, J., 2014. Placing the transfer of learning at the heart of HRD Practice. Tiwari, U., 2014. Training and Development, Job Satisfaction and HRD Climate in A Service Organisation.Asian Journal of Management,5(4), pp.431-434. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-48900210710603761372019-11-28T15:12:00.001-08:002019-11-28T15:12:04.772-08:00Cipd Cipd Essay ExampleCipd Cipd Essay CIPD Assessment Activity Title of unit/s |Contemporary Developments in Employment Relations | |Unit No/s |5CER | |Level |Intermediate | |Credit value |6 | |Assessment method |Written answers to questions | | |Professional discussion (mixed mode delivery only) | |Learning outcomes: | |Understand competing approaches that contextualise contemporary developments in employment relations. | |Understand contemporary labour market trends and data. | |Understand the main sources of employment relations legislation. | |Understand the role of the parties that affect the management of employment relations. | |Understand contemporary developments in employee involvement and participation. | |Understand different forms of conflict behaviour and dispute resolution. |Assessment brief/activity | | | | | |In consultation with your tutor you are required to select three out of the six questions/tasks below and provide | | |answers to each one selected. | | | | | |Define and explain the different perspectives and approaches taken to manage employee relations and the balance of |1. 1, 1. 2,1. 3 | |power between management and individual employees. | |Identify and explain the labour market, how it is regulated and, using trend data and evidence, evaluate how it has | | |changed over recent years. | | |You are required to prepare a briefing paper for newly appointed managers that: |2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 | |identifies and explains the main sources of employment relations legislation | | |defines a contract of employment and the essential features of a written statement of further particulars | | |assesses the impact of two recent developments in individual employment rights |3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3, 3. | |advises on the role and scope of trade unions. | | |Explain, using examples, how the actions and behaviour of management, trade unions and the state can impact on the | | |nature of employment relations. | | |Critically assess the claim that effective employee involvement and participation will strengthen both the traditional| | |and psychological exchange between an organisation and its employees | | |You are required to brief the senior management team on recent trends in industrial action and explain the approaches |4. 1, 4. 2, 4. | |and skills required to help manage both individual and collective conflict. | | | | | | |5. 1, 5. 2, 5. 3 | | | | | | | | |6. 1, 6. 2, 6. 3, 6. | |Evidence to be produced/required | | | |Answers equating to approximately 1000 words to any three of the questions/tasks above, together with a list of cited References and a | |separate Bibliography of sources consulted but not specifically mentioned in preparing each answer (but these should be excluded from the | |word count. ) | |Professional discussion (transcript and supporting information) equating to approximately 1000 words for each question). | murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-1170923318868788682019-11-24T22:46:00.001-08:002019-11-24T22:46:05.085-08:00Propaganda in ProPropaganda in Pro Propaganda refers to the form of communication that is meant to influence the feelings and attitudes of individual to believe or support a certain viewpoint. The aim of the propagandist is to ensure that an individual backs his or her position by simply presenting one side of the story.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Propaganda in Pro-slavery Arguments and Douglassââ¬â¢s Narrative specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies show that propaganda statements might be either true or false. Since the major objective is to change the minds of many people as possible, propaganda statements are often repeated and are distributed through a number of media in order to reach many individuals (Cunningham 78). In some instances, propaganda information present facts selectively in order to support a particular synthesis and in other cases, it makes use of loaded messages to incite peopleââ¬â¢s emotions instead of encouraging i ndividuals to judge information rationally. Propaganda is used to influence peopleââ¬â¢s political, spiritual, and business-related views. Throughout the US history, it has been used effectively to support particular positions. During slavery, advocates of slavery system used it to justify their position while Douglass employed it to influence peopleââ¬â¢s minds against slavery. This paper looks at various aspects of propaganda, including its techniques, as well the way pro-slavery advocates and opponents, including Douglass, employed it. Classification of Propaganda In the modern society, propaganda is a term that no one would want to be associated with because of its wrong usage in Germany. In reality, propaganda is a neutral term that can be utilized in educating people to change their views towards a better future. In fact, propaganda messages could be employed effectively to encourage individuals to participate in community programs, engage in health improving practices, take part in important events, such as census and elections, and encourage citizens to support the law enforcing agencies as far as reporting of crimes is concerned. During slavery in the United States, advocates, such as James Henry Hammond, John Calhoun, and William Joseph Harper, utilized propaganda to justify the existence of the two classes in society since they argued that it would spur economic development.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hammond drafted a speech, commonly referred to as Mudsill Speech of 1858, which was purely a propaganda statement encouraging individuals to be contented with the existing production system. To pro-slavery advocates, the change of the production system would destabilize society, as it would cause conflicts between the upper and the lower classes. This would be a great threat to democracy, the economy, the government, and the society in general. The campaigners of slavery further observed that the lower class had always existed in history, as it served a major purpose of cushioning the ruling class. Hammond used the term mudsill in his speech to claim that the lower class was a foundation of society, as it engaged in nation building through provision of labor (Tindall and Shi 56). In his view, this would encourage the whites to move civilization forward and any attempt to bring radical changes would impede socio-economic and political development. The views of pro-slavery advocates were not factual, but instead they were propaganda statements that aimed at justifying the existing mode of production at the time. Hammond encouraged slaves to continue offering free labor, as they were the important people in the production system. However, the reality was that slaves were never incorporated into the economic system and the few who participated in economic matters were incorporated as underdogs. Slavery advocates insi sted that the system eliminated barriers placed upon individuals that prevented them from enjoying their rights as American citizens. Hammond cautioned other rich individuals in the country who supported the rights of slaves that it was dangerous to involve the landless in political matters, such as voting and presenting their candidature during elections (Finkelman 27). Involving slaves in political processes would lead to the tyranny of the multitude hence the best option was to enslave them, as they would not have the chance of changing the status quo. In the views of slavery supporters, the system was effective since it protected the interests of masters, slaves, and the entire society. Democracy suggests that each individual should be allowed to enjoy his or her rights in society, including the right to take part in economic and political matters without interference. Therefore, slavery campaigners advanced a theory that was defective implying that their claims were simply prop aganda statements aimed at subjugating and discriminating against slaves who were mostly blacks. Douglassââ¬â¢s narrative presents some of the problems that slavery brought to the blacks in the south. Even though his ideas are mainly considered as propaganda, he presents information that would help slaves to realize their potentials in society. First, he criticizes slavery by observing that it has a damaging effect to the slaveholders, as well as the slaves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Propaganda in Pro-slavery Arguments and Douglassââ¬â¢s Narrative specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The slavery system encourages a dishonest and reckless behavior among slaveholders to an extent that it damages their honored status. Based on this, he recommended that slavery was unnatural to all parties involved. For instance, slave owners were engaged in adultery and rape, which was a great threat to the wellbeing of slaves and their families. Douglass uses Sophia Auld as an example of an individual who had high moral standards, but slaveholding converted her to a demon. Therefore, the view of Douglass on slavery is that it was an invalid system of production, which had affected the moral wellbeing of slave owners (Douglass 112). This implies that he was trying to convince slave owners to abandon the system, as it was affecting them as well. In trying to persuade slaveholders to abandon slavery, Douglass reinterpreted Christianity, terming the true religion as the Christianity of Christ while the kind of religion that slave owners practiced as the Christianity of the land. Slave owners had immoral behavior and violent actions that were inconsistent with the provisions of Christianity (Tindall and Shi 93). Through this, he was trying to convince slaveholders to quit slavery and adopt a more acceptable system of production that would suit the tenets of Christianity. The Objective of Propaganda The main g oal of any propaganda statement is to shape public opinion and change peopleââ¬â¢s views as regards to a particular subject or topic. During slavery in the United States, the views of southern plantation owners played a major role in advancing slavery in the country in the sense that many farmers believed abandoning it would be equivalent to giving blacks an undue advantage in the economy. Additionally, many slave owners were convinced that giving the landless the right to vote would be detrimental to democracy. Several techniques of propaganda exist, but slavery supporters chose to employ two of these methods, one of them being half-truth and the other is deception. Douglass supported the claims that slavery was degrading the culture of blacks. He noted that slave owners ensured the landless remained ignorant, as this would facilitate the maintenance of the status quo. However, he suggested that acquisition of knowledge is a step towards abandonment and resistance of slavery. Un like pro-slavery advocates, Douglass used different techniques of propaganda, including operant conditioning and testimonials. Cunningham, Stanley. The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Douglass, Fredrick. The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass. New York: Cricket House Books, 2012. Print. Finkelman, Paul. Slavery the Law. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield, 2002. Print. Tindall, George, and Shi, David. America: A Narrative History. New York: W.W. Norton Co, 2013. Print. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6117290440441739023.post-41960445804210902902019-11-21T08:25:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:25:04.746-08:00Nursing Culture Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsNursing Culture Groups - Essay Example Nasser is being respected would not mean that the young Samia will not receive treatment, which can only be best administered after examination on her private part. To ensure this balance, Mrs. Nasser must resort to negotiation. The negotiations must be made on fair grounds such that the nurse must not be seen as taking an entrenched position. She must persuade Mrs. Nasser to come to the compromise willingly. iii. Cultural care re-patterning or restructuring: This should be the final step or strategy but it must not be taken for an act of eliminating the culture of Mrs. Nasser or indoctrinating her with the nursesââ¬â¢ own style of culture or what she deems as best. However, she can restructure Mrs. Nasser by pleading with her to be tolerant and flexible with her culture. She will allow Mrs. Nasser to enjoy the best of services whereas she goes; especially for her own good and welfare. 3. How might the nurse ensure that Mrs. Nasserââ¬â¢s concerns are addressed appropriately and that Samia has received the appropriate care? The concluding situation to achieve out of this whole situation should be a win-win affair. This is to say that as much as the concerns and cultural believes of Mrs. Nasser must be respected, it is also important that Mrs. Nasserââ¬â¢s daughter receives the needed care and treatment. Basing on the congruent strategy of negotiation, the nurse must be in a position to convince Mrs. Nasser to compromise for the examination to be carried out. The compromise will however not come easily and this is where the nurse has a lot of work to do. The nurse actually has a duty to explain herself clearly to Mrs. Nasser to win her heart. She must make Mrs. Nasser understand that the reason for the... From this research it is clear that it is important for the nurse to understand that her professionalism as a nurse transcends beyond her ability to give medical health to a patient. It also includes an ability to have a cordial and congenial atmosphere with clients and patients such that the clients and patients can have emotional health as well. The nurse should therefore respond by giving the patient enough room to express all her concerns so that after having all the substance of the concerns, she can strategies to address them one after the other. The rationale here is that when patients and clients are given enough room to express themselves, they co-operate better with nurses and nurses have the opportunity of giving them detailed healthcare. Communication is an important aspect of the nursing practice. It becomes even more important when nurses have to communicate not just among themselves as professionals but must communicate with their clients and patients, who must underst and the nurses as professionals from a layman point of view. Due to this, nurses must learn to make themselves understood through the use of the right and most appropriate communication mechanisms. Communication is therefore critical when it is done at the interpersonal relationship level. Even more critical is when nurses have to communicate with people from different cultural background. When this situation arises, the nurse does not just have to make the patient understand him or her as a professional from a layman point of view but that the nurse must do everything possible to ensure that the communication is appropriate from the judgment and perspective of the client or patient. murielkim1982http://www.blogger.com/profile/07643567870326400184noreply@blogger.com0